ARIZONA & Westward Expansion Spanish Empire to Statehood

1. ARIZONA & Westward ExpansionSpanish Empire to Statehood Mr. Potts 7th Grade Social Studies

2. Spanish Empire • For approx. 300 years “Arizona” was part of the Spanish Empire.

3. Mexico Revolts Against Spain (1821) • Arizona was part of the Mexican State of Occidente. • Mexico has 31 states today.

4. Louisiana Purchase (1803) • U.S. deal with France for $15 million - $.04 per acre. • Today’s $... $236 million - $.42 per acre. • 828,000 acres – land for 15 FUTURE states. • EFFECT = doubled the size of the U.S.

5. Louisiana Purchase (1803)

6. OUTPUT Activity – POV Statement “Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States, has invaded our territory, and shed American blood upon the American soil… The two nations are now at war.” • James Polk U.S. President from his address to Congress, May 11, 1846. Name, a place in society, believes ideas, because blank. James Polk, a U.S. President, believes Mexico and the United States are at war, because Mexico invaded our territory and shed American blood.

7. Mexican-American War (1846-1848) • War between Mexico and the United States. • The two countries were fighting over… L D A N • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ENDS the war. • EFFECTS: • U.S. WINS LAND • 525,000 square miles • CO, AZ, CA, UT, NV, WY, NM • Mexico gets $15 million from the U.S.

8. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - ACAPS • Author – United States Government • Context – United States (White House) at the end of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) • Audience – United States & Mexican Governments • Purpose – To end the war and settle dispute over… L-A-N-D • Significance – End of the war… United States continues expansion West.

9. Mexican Cession

10. Gadsden Purchase (1854) • U.S. deal with Mexico signed by James Gadsden to acquire land in order to build a railroad. • $10 million dollars - $.33 cents per acre. • 24% of Arizona’s current land south of the Gila River.

11. Gadsden Purchase (1854)

13. Map Questions 1. What cities were acquired by the Gadsden Purchase? 2. What cities benefitted from the coming of the Railroad?

14. Arizona Organic Act (1863) • Signed by President Abraham Lincoln on February 24,1863. • Created Arizona Territory. • Abolished slavery in the territory. • Territorial Capitals: • Prescott 1863 • Tucson 1867 • Phoenix 1889 Modern Boundary Created in 1866

16. Map Questions • What strikes you as odd or unusual about this map? • Before the Gadsden Purchase, what type of landform do you think formed the southern boundary of the land that would become Arizona? • What resource might Nevada have been seeking access to when it acquired new land in 1866?

18. Enabling Act (1910) • Passed by Congress to ENABLES AZ to become a state. • AZ must create a state Constitution.

19. Arizona Constitution • A constitution is a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed. • Arizona had a “recall” provision in the constitution allowing for voters to remove elected judges from office.

20. POV Statement On Aug. 15, 1911, President William Howard Taft, the 27th President of the United States, serving from 1903-1913, vetoed the Arizona statehood bill, calling the provision for recalling judges “destructive.” Name, a place in society, believes ideas, because blank. William Taft, a President of the United States, believes Arizona statehood should be vetoed, because the provision for recalling judges is “destructive.”

21. This cartoon shows President Taft opposing the recall provision in Arizona’s Constitution. What does the “pet” in the picture represent? Why do you think the artist in the East drew Arizona like he did?

23. AZ Statehood (February 14, 1912)

24. AZ Facts • Admitted as a State: February 14, 1912 as the 48th state • 1st Governor: George W.P. Hunt • Nicknames: The Grand Canyon State, The Copper State, The Valentine State • Current Capital: Phoenix • Motto: Ditat Deus “God Enriches” • Largest City: Phoenix • Population (as of 2012): Approximately 6.6 million

25. Governor George W.P. Hunt Tomb

26. Arizona State Seal “God Enriches” Sun rising / setting Behind AZ mountains miner AZ dam & lake AZ farmland Statehood

27. AZ Settlement & Expansion • People settled near water sources for personal & industrial usage. • The railroads reduced the shipping costs and time to and from Arizona. • Towns began to develop along rivers and railroads. • The discovery of silver, copper, and zinc in the late 1800’s.

28. AZ Dams & Canals • Built to control and provide water to farmlands and growing residential areas. • Key to economic growth allowing for population growth, farming, mining, and manufacturing. • Create changes in the environment… • natural land forms are changed • areas change from desert to lush and lush to desert • wildlife is forced to relocate or perish

29. AZ Geography & Climate • Geographical Zone: A region with a distinct climate , landforms, and plant and animal populations. • Arizona has the following Zones: • Desert also known as “Basin and Range” • Mountain also known as the “Transition Zone” • Plateau also known as “Colorado Plateau”

30. AZ Geography & Climate • Geographical Zones determine how you live… • What you eat • What your home is like • What you do for a job • What your culture is like • No other single factor influences the development of human cultures across the globe as much as Geographical Zones.

31. Arizona Geographic Zones Monument Valley Smartboard Volunteers? • Desert – Basin & Range • Mountain – Transition Zone • (Colorado) Plateau Phoenix • Sonoran Desert • Saguaro Cactus • Arid = DRY!

33. Westward Expansion EXPANDS • Manifest Destiny • Americans believed it was God’s plan to expand America the from sea to sea. • Indian Removal Act • Law that forced all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River to be relocated in the West. • GOLD • Discovered in California… created a mass migration of American and foreigners to move West