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MAV activities in flight dynamics and control

1. MAV activities in flight dynamics and control. Prof A.V. Efremov, Ph. D., D. of Sc., The Head of Flight Dynamics and Control Department, Moscow Aviation Institute 97 SAE Aerospace Control and Guidance Systems Committee Meeting. Lake Tahoe, Nevada March, 2006. 2. RESEARCHES 2005.

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MAV activities in flight dynamics and control

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  1. 1 MAV activities in flight dynamics and control Prof A.V. Efremov, Ph. D., D. of Sc., The Head of Flight Dynamics and Control Department,Moscow Aviation Institute 97 SAE Aerospace Control and Guidance Systems Committee Meeting Lake Tahoe, NevadaMarch, 2006

  2. 2 RESEARCHES 2005 1. Flying qualities evaluation in different piloting tasks. 2. Manual control for ESTOL. 3. Micro aerial vehicle dynamics, flight control and design. 4. Pilot behavior modeling.

  3. 3 FLYING QUALITIES EVALUATION Goals of investigations • Improvement of agreement between in-flight and ground based simulations; • Development of data base on ground based evaluation of Flying Qualities for the further researches in manual control area; • Development of technique for ground based simulation accompanying in-flight evaluation of Flying Qualities; • Determination of the factors defined pilot rating.

  4. 4 INVESTIGATED PILOTING TASKS • Landing; • ESTOL; • Aim-to-aim tracking; • Formation flight; • Refueling.

  5. 5 The stages for flying qualities investigationsin each piloting task • selection of dynamic configurations; • definition of task performances (desired, adequate) and additional variables (conditions for stress situations, number of attempts in each experiment, etc); • generation of input signal; • development of questionnaire for each piloting task; • data reduction.

  6. 6 Table of all experimental researches

  7. 7 DEFINITION OF TASK PERFORMANCES Landing (desired, adequate) Refuelingpercentage of successfulattempt (desired, adequate) Air-to-air trackingaccuracy (desired, adequate)

  8. 8 Math model of drogue motion Data reduction development of spectrum and its approximation ΔХ Video tape recording of the real drogue motion ΔZ GENERATION OF INPUT SIGNAL Refueling

  9. 9 REFUELING

  10. 10 AIR-TO-AIR TRACKING

  11. 11 QUESTIONNAIRE (pilot comment card)

  12. 12 Correlation of pilot rating PR with max PR of FQ in longitudinal ( ) and lateral ( ) channels.

  13. 13 Initial stage (2001) Final stage (2005) ΔPRground ΔPRflight ΔPRflight = 8ΔPRground = 4,5 ΔPRflight = 8ΔPRground = 6,5 AGREEMENT BETWEEN GROUND-BASEDAND IN FLIGHT SIMULATION Landing

  14. 14 Δ PR — in flight — ground-based 10.0 9.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 Level of rating 5.0 4.0 2.0 0 Aim-to-aim tracking Landing Refueling AGREEMENT BETWEEN GROUND-BASEDAND IN FLIGHT SIMULATION IN DIFFERENT PILOTING TASKS

  15. 15 Manual control for ESTOL

  16. 16 PROBLEMS Low velocity in manual landing High Thrust Force and angle of attack Possible loss of visual contact with ground surface Unsatisfactorylateral FQ ReversibleControlin longitudinal channel Solution of problems TV camera for visual contact with ground surface + display with additional metrics and Zoom = f(L) Bank anglefeedback control Velocityfeedback control

  17. 17 EFFECT OF FLYING QUALITIES IMPROVEMENT: а) improvement of pilot rating : without automationPR = 8, with developed means PR = 4 – 5 б) improvement of accuracy (variance of longitudinal error) in 15 times

  18. 18 • Low Reynolds numbers peculiarities in aerodynamics. MAV dynamics and design Peculiarities of MAV • Low velocities, mass, inertia, wing loading. Aircraft MAV mg/S, n/m2 200  400 ~ 2 inertia Iy , kg/m4 104 105 0,5 ·10-3 • unusual dynamic response: – instantaneous change of moments and quick change of forces

  19. 19 First phase of investigation(april – september 2004) – Estimation of aerodynamic coefficients (CL , CD , mq , mδ … ). – Estimation of flight performances and flying qualities. – Simulation of flight. – Preliminary FCS design.

  20. 20 s s1 + ( s ) Θ æ ö ( s ) δe s2 + 2 ωph s + ωph2 s2 + 2 ξsp ωsp s + ωsp2 ξph è ø MAVaircraft Analysis of MAV flight dynamics d ( ) ( ) s + s2 M z = × æ ö ç ç ÷ è ø Phugoid mode Short-period mode Aircraft MAV 0,1-0,01 0,8-1,5 ωph 1-3 15-20 ωsp 1-2 10-20 s1 0,01-0,001 0,1-0,5 s2

  21. 21 Radio canal Operatorstation Prefilter MAV TVcamera Radio canal 1 T1 s + 1 WФ2 = WФ1 = T2 s + 1 T1 s T1 = 0,5c T2 = 0,2c Ways for improvement of MAV flying qualities Use of prefilters WФ = WФ1 WФ2 Control signals TV-signal – COMPUTER – AD / DC (converter) RECIEVER Operator station TRANSMITTER

  22. 22 Second phase of investigation(2005) • Wind tunnel tests • Modification of mathematical model • Automation of MAV • MAV design

  23. 23 • WIND TUNNEL TESTSGOALS • Influence of low Reynolds numbers,Re • Influence of propeller а) Considerable increase ofСL max b) Decrease of L/D ratio

  24. 24 Models in the Wind tunnel

  25. 25 Automation of MAV 1. Longitudinal channel q δeH δe 2. Lateral channel p δrψδrrδaφδa t, c

  26. 26 FIRST FLIGHT OF DEVELOPED MAV

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