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Bellringer

Bellringer. Have out your study guide for the midterm with 1-27 completed and the Latin America Map! Using the map you completed for homework, answer the following questions (you don’t have to write the questions down) on a piece of paper titled: “ Bellringer , 1/4/11”

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • Have out your study guide for the midterm with 1-27 completed and the Latin America Map! • Using the map you completed for homework, answer the following questions (you don’t have to write the questions down) on a piece of paper titled: “Bellringer, 1/4/11” • Name 4 countries that are a part of “Latin America”. • What European nation owns most of the land in Latin America? • What did TouissantL’Ouverture do for the people of Haiti? (think back to your Napoleon notes) • What events were going on around the world that might influence revolutions in Latin America? (Hint: think about nationalism!) • BJOTD: Why do bees have sticky hair?

  2. Objectives • The Students will know: • The major figures and countries that achieved independence from Europe in Latin America • What Latin America is • The colonial system implemented by the Europeans in Latin America • The Students will understand: • The Enlightenment and other revolutions in France and America helped to stimulate revolutions in Latin America. • The Students will be able to: • Analyze a political cartoon • Use a map to answer questions • Review for their midterm exam

  3. Colonial Authority and Latin American Revolutions

  4. Winning Independence • The American Revolution, French Revolution and Enlightenment ideas encouraged the people of Latin America to rise up against France, Spain, and Portugal. • Nationalism is occurring • Strong pride in their country • Sick of being ruled by a foreign country • Ocurred in the late 1700s-1800

  5. Who were they trying to get freedom from and why? • Wanted independence from the colonial powers • The colonial powers (Spain, Portugal, and France) were treating the Latin American people very poorly • Colonial governments mirrored their home movements • Europeans on top, natives (Latin Americans) at the bottom of the system • Catholicism was forced upon the natives • Europeans used the natives in slave-like roles to mine precious metals (silver)

  6. Europeans used the major Latin American cities as outposts of colonial authority. • Cities: Havana, Mexico City, Lima, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires • Conquistadors were made into viceroys or colonial officers who controlled the cities and treated the natives very poorly

  7. Latin American Society • 1st- Peninsulars – men born in Spain(.1%) • 2nd- Creoles- Spaniards born in Latin America(22.8%) • 3rd- Mestizos- European and Indian descent (7.3%) • 4th- Mulattos- European and Africandescent (7.8%) • 5th- Indians- (55.8%) • Mestizos, Mulattos and Indians were always discriminated against • Creoles(native-borns) were educated and traveled to Spain often. They did not believe they were getting the same rights as Spaniards. They followed Enlightenment ideas

  8. Processing • What factors of life in the colonies could lead to revolutions? (Name Two) • What outside factors led to revolutions in the Latin American colonies?

  9. The Major Rebellions • Haiti: • Saint Domingue (Haiti)was a French Colony • Toussaint L’Ouverture and 10, 000 slaves rose up and freed slaves throughout the colony • Defeated troops from Great Britain, France, and Spain • On January 1, 1804 Haiti was declared an independent colony

  10. The Liberators End Spanish Rule • Simon Bolivar and Jose San Martin were two brilliant generals who were native to Latin America • Simon Bolivar declared Venezuela independent from Spain in 1811, but fought for its freedom and the freedom of Columbia until 1821. • Jose de San Martin worked to free Argentina, Chile, and Peru. • He and Bolivar met in 1822, and they combined their armies to defeat the Spanish • Bolivar used the combined army to defeat the Spanish completely at the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824 • Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco de Rodríguez

  11. Mexico Ends Spanish Rule • Started with Father Midel Hidalgo, a believer in the Enlightenment • Hidalgo led an army of 60,000 Indian and Mestizo followers against the Spanish • He died in 1811, but his work was carried on by others • 1821- the Central American states declared independence

  12. Brazil Freed from Portugal • Portugal’s royal family fled to Brazil to escape Napoleon during the Peninsular War • When Portugal’s monarchy was restored in Europe, the creoles asked Dom Pedro (the son of the King of Portugal) to rule Brazil independently from Portugal • On September 7, 1822 Dom Pedro declared Brazil independent. It was the only bloodless revolution in Latin America.

  13. What was the U.S. Doing? • President Monroe wrote a declaration called The Monroe Doctrine in 1823. • Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent. • The United States would regard as a threat to their own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to take over any independent state in the Western Hemisphere • Result: Europeans stay away from the Americas

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