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Emergence of Modern Science

Emergence of Modern Science. NS 1300 Dr. Hoge. What is a quantum computer, and do I want one?. Chapter 9 – Quantum Mechanics.

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Emergence of Modern Science

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  1. Emergence of Modern Science NS 1300 Dr. Hoge

  2. What is a quantum computer, and do I want one?

  3. Chapter 9 – Quantum Mechanics • The discovery that waves have discrete energy packets (called quanta) that behave in a manner similar to particles led to the branch of physics that deals with atomic and subatomic systems which we today call quantum mechanics. • It is the underlying mathematical framework of many fields of physics and chemistry. • The foundations of quantum mechanics were established during the first half of the twentieth century by Werner Heisenberg, Max Planck, Louis de Broglie, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Max Born, John von Neumann, Paul Dirac, Wolfgang Pauli and others. • It is currently necessary to use quantum mechanics to understand the behavior of systems at atomic length scales and smaller. • For example, if Newtonian mechanics governed the workings of an atom, electrons would rapidly travel towards and collide with the nucleus. • However, in the natural world the electrons normally remain in an unknown orbital path around the nucleus, defying classical electromagnetism. From Wikipedia

  4. Unique Features of Quantum Mechanics • Reductio ad absurdum? • Planck’s Constant (6.63 X 10-34joule-seconds) • Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle • Shrodinger’s Box Paradox • Spooky Action at a Distance (entanglement)

  5. Measurement Problem • Quantum Particles (quanta of energy) • Particle Wave Duality • The Double-Slit Test

  6. Uncertainty • Quantum Attributes (properties of quantum particles) • Position • Spin • Velocity • Momentum • Is the Moon really there if nobody is looking?

  7. Probability Waves • Probability Distributions • Eigenstates (such as position and momentum) • Wave Functions • Wave Function Collapse

  8. Spooky Action at a Distance • Entanglement • Quantum teleportation • Quantum computing • Faster than light communication • Quantum Interrogation

  9. Quantum Reality • Copenhagen Interpretation • Bohr-Einstein Debates • Multiple Universe Interpretation • Quantum Decoherence

  10. More Probability • Quantum probability • Randomness • Chaos • Stochasticity • Emergent properties

  11. Quiz • 1. T or F, according the Heisenberg, wherever you go, there you are. • 2. T or F, according to Shrodinger, you should own a dog instead of a cat. • 3. T or F, according to Einstein, ghosts exist only at a distance. • 4. T or F, in a different reality, I’m a duck. • 5. T or F, beam me up Scotty!

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