More First Aid

1. C127 6-9 More First Aid

2. Shock – dangerous reduction in blood flow to body tissue. • Can occur in injury that reduces blood flow, heavy bleeding, heart attack, dehydration, allergic reaction and trauma. • Signs of shock: • - Bluish lips and fingernails • - Cool, clammy skin, pale • - Confusion • - Dizzy, faint, weak • - Shallow breathing, chest pains, unconscious

3. First Aid for Shock • 1. Call 911 • 2. Check A, B, C’s • 3. Lie down & elevate feet 12 in. • (unless painful or broken bones) • 4. First aid for injuries, bleeding, etc. • 5. Keep warm; don’t give drinks, loosen tight clothes • 6. If vomiting, turn their head to the side • 7. Stay with them until EMS arrives

4. Signs of Stroke: S = Can’t Smile T = Trouble Talking R = Can’t Raise Arms

5. Stroke

8. Heart attack: when blood supply to the heart muscle is blocked or interrupted; damages heart muscle Cardiac arrest: heart suddenly stops; no pulse or heartbeat

9. Signs of Heart Attack

10. Stents

11. Angioplasty

12. Heart Bypass surgery

13. Pacemaker

15. Wounds – take care to prevent infectionInfection -(more germs than white blood cells can fight off) Signs of infection: - Red, swollen, pus, tender Wash wounds with soap and water, put on medicine 1. Abrasion – scrape 2. Laceration – cut 3. Puncture – small hole 4. Avulsion – partially or completely torn 5. Impaled objects – object in body

16. Puncture

17. Severe Bleeding • 1. Apply direct pressure • 2. Elevate • 3. Wrap gauze around wound • 4. If bleeding continues, apply pressure to pressure points. • 5. Last resort – life or death - tourniquet

18. Nosebleed • 1. Get tissue, cloth to catch blood • 2. Sit up straight or stand • 3. Tilt head slightly forward, pinch nostrils closed, and apply pressure until bleeding stops. • 4. Apply ice to area around nose. • 5. See Dr. if it doesn’t stop. • 6. Don’t blow nose for at least 12 hours.

19. Knocked out Tooth • Permanent teeth can often be saved if you act quickly • 1. Hold tooth by crown and rinse under water, don’t touch root • 2. Put tooth back into place if possible • 3. If not, put in glass of milk or water and go to dentist

20. Fractures – break in bone • Closed – skin not broken • Open – bone cut through skin • Compound – broken in more than 1 place Might suspect: • - hear a snapping sound • - can’t move or moves in a strange way • - very painful • - looks strange/bends in a way it shouldn’t bend

21. Fractures • Best not to move a person with a fracture. • If you have to move, make a splint to immobilize the part so it doesn’t move. (can use rolled up magazine, newspaper, boards, sticks, etc) • Apply ice • Never move a person with a head, neck, or back injury unless they are in immediate danger

22. Dislocation – bone pops out of joint; have Dr. reinsert, don’t do it yourself Sprain – injury to ligaments, tendon, and soft tissue around a joint; caused by excessive twisting or stretching. Strain – when muscles are overstretched

23. Sprain – apply “RICE” R = Rest I = Ice C = Compression E = Elevate

24. Quiz 1. Dangerous reduction in blood flow to body tissue. 2. What happens when there are more pathogens than white blood cells can fight? 3. First thing to do to control bleeding. 4. The part of the tooth you hold if it’s knocked out. 5. A break or crack in a bone? 6. What you may apply to immobilize a fracture. 7. An injury where a bone pops out of its joint. 8. An injury where ligaments, tendon around a joint are excessively twisted. 9. Injury where muscle has been overstretched. 10. Word that describes first aid you apply for a sprain. 11. Condition where heart suddenly stops beating. 12. When blood supply to heart is blocked. 13. When a blood vessel is blocked or ruptures in the brain.