World War I 1914-1918

1. World War I 1914-1918 • Causes of the war • Technology of the war • Military techniques / Battles • War at Home “Total War” • US / Russia and the end of the war

2. Traditional European Rules of War • 1. A country must _______________ before ___________ another country. • 2. Each side must wear ___________ or ___________ themselves to each other before attacking. Soldiers wearing an enemy uniform _______ ____________________.

3. Traditional European Rules of War • 3. Commanding officers should _____________________________. • 4. Civilians, Surrendering Soldiers and Medical Personnel will ____________________________.

4. Traditional European Rules of War • 5. __________________________ is honorable, shooting from a distance is cowardly • 6. Soldiers must be given the opportunity to _____________________________.

5. Long Term Causes • Nationalism- • ____________________________. • ___________ and _____________ developed between European nations for __________ and ______________ • (Example France and Germany)

6. Long Term Causes • Militarism- • _____________________________ • __________________________________________________________ • _____________________________

7. Long Term Causes • Imperialism- • _____________________________ • Quest for ___________ often almost led to war • _____________ led to rivalry and mistrust amongst European nations

8. Long Term Causes • Alliance System- • Designed to keep __________ in __________, instead pushed continent ____________________ • Many Alliances made ___________ • By 1907 two major alliances: _____________ and ____________

9. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

10. The Two Sides Triple Alliance _________________ _________________ _________________ Central Powers _________________ _________________ _________________ Triple Entente _________________ _________________ _________________ Allied Powers _______ ________ _______ ________ _______ ________ _______ ________

11. Leaders Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Russia] Wilhelm II [Germany] George V [Britain] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Pres. Poincare [France] Franz Josef [Austria-Hungry]

12. Short-Term Cause • ________________ • Assassination of ____________________

13. Summer of 1914 Triple Entente/Triple Alliance Actions • July ______ Austria Hungary Presents ________ with an _________________ • July ____ Austria-Hungary declares ________________________ • July ____ Russia ___________ its troops • August ___ Germany ____________ troops.

14. Summer of 1914 Triple Entente/Triple Alliance Actions • August ___ Germany declares war on ________. Germany invades _________ and __________, invasion of ___________ starts. • August ___: Germany declares war on France. • August ___: Germany declares war on ________ and _______________. • August ___:England declares war on _______ • August ___: Austria declares war on _________ and ________________.

15. Who Declared War on Who? • Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia • Russia Declares War on Austria Hungary • Germany Declares War on Russia • Germany Declares War on France • England Declares War on Germany and Austria Hungary

16. 10 1 5 6 4 3 9 7 12 8 14 13 2 11 15

17. Map Key ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

18. By the end of ______, not only ___________ was at war, but also all of Europe’s colonies in ________, ____________ and ____________________.

19. New TechnologyGuns • ______________________ • It was used by both sides, hundreds of rounds a minute could be shot by one person.

20. The German plan against France was to _________________________ _________________________________ • The Machine Gun stopped this plan

21. Trench Warfare • Both sides __________________________ that faced each other. The trenches ran for __________. • From time to time, one side would attempt to cross the “__________________” the area in between the trenches. • Trench warfare made WWI extend from a few months of fighting to ________________of fighting

22. French Soldiers Attacking a German Trench

24. Technology:_______________________________ • WWI was the first major war to use ___________ • ___________ and ______________. were the two most popular weapons: They caused __________________, ______________, and __________

25. Soldiers would protect themselves using Gas Masks

26. Technology:_____________(_____________) • Germany’s secret weapon during the war was the ___________________. • __________ dozens of British ships, controlled the _____________.

27. Why would the British think the U-boat was breaking the rules of War ?

28. Technology:_____________________ • Both sides used ___________ for ______________, limited ____________, and __________________. • Airplanes were ________, _________, and ______________, • The most famous German pilot was ______________________(________________)

29. Red Baron

30. Technology:_____________________

31. Technology:______________________

32. The Great War Western Front • Germans, Austria-Hungarians vs. French, British and later Americans • Germany develops the ___________________ • Battle of the ___________(1914- German Defeat) • Trench Warfare on the Western Front

33. Western Front: Battles • Battle of _______________ • ____________ long • French and German armies. • Estimated ________________ French and ____________ German casualties • No strategic advantages were gained for either side. • Battle of ______________ • English and French vs Germany • __________ months of fighting • ________________ of advancement for Allies • ________________ men killed

34. Eastern Front • Russians and Serbs vs. Germans and Austria-Hungarians • War more _____________ but still a ______________ • Russia’s disadvantages • ___________________ • ___________________ • Russia’s advantage • ___________________

35. Eastern Front: Battles • Battle of ________________: • August 1914- _________________________. • Russia was badly ____________ and _______________. • Russia lost millions of men against Germany, __________________, and under _____________

36. Other Fronts • Japan, Australia, India join _____________ • Ottoman Turks, Bulgaria join ____________ • Gallipoli Campaign in the Ottoman Empire • Battles occur in Africa and Asia for Colonial Possessions

37. Russia Exits the War • In _________ 1917, ________________ abdicates his throne, • the Russian __________ continues to fight. • In _________ 1917: Lenin and the Bolsheviks take command: __________________ is created. • In ___________ 1918: Soviets and Germans sign the _________________________, ending the war in the East.

38. US claims Neutrality “I didn’t raise my boy to be a soldier I brought him up to be my pride and joy Who dares to place a musket on his shoulder, To shoot some other mother’s darling boy?” • Song

39. US Road to War • _________________________ did not allow products to leave or enter Germany • German U-Boat Response counter to blockade, destroy all boats headed for British shores

40. US Road to War May 7th 1915 Sinking of the _________________

41. 1916 Presidential ElectionAnd the Winner is… ______________ ___________ Because “he kept us out of the war”

42. US Road to WarThe Last Straw ___________________________

43. US Declares War • Senate Declares War ______________________ • House of Representatives Declares War ______________________ • Wilson’s reasoning for War make the world “_________________________”

44. War on the Homefront • World War I as a ________________ • All Resources devoted to homefront • Government took over factories to make ___________ goods • All had to work (Women took place of men in factories) • _________________- limit consumption of resources/goods necessary for the war effort • _______________- one-sided information to keep support for the war

45. Propaganda

46. Ending the War 1917-1918 • US Enters the War in ___________________ • ______________ Russia and Germany sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk • Germans now use all resources on Western Front • __________________ Germany begins a massive attack on France

47. Ending the War (1918)_______________________ • German troops ____________________ • US had _______________ “fresh” troops • 2nd Battle of the ____________ (June 1918) • Central Powers Crumble • _______________ in Austria Hungary • Ottoman Empire ______________ • German soldiers _____________, public turns against Kaiser Wilhelm II

48. Ending the War (1918) • Kaiser Wilhelm __________________ on November 9th 1918 • 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918 Germany agrees to a _______________ • ________________ soldiers dead • ________________ wounded • Cost of _____________________

49. Ending the WarThe Paris Peace Conference • Meeting of the “___________” at the Paris Peace Conference • Wilson Proposes his “_____________” • “Big Four” create ______________________ • War Guilt Clause • Break up of German, Austrian, Russian and Ottoman Empire • __________________________ • Legacy of bitterness and betrayal

50. Effects of World War I • Before World War I feeling of _________________ and progress of _______________________ • After the War feelings of ___________________ • New forms of Art, Literature, Philosophy and Science • (ex. Surrealism, “Lost” Generation, Psychoanalysis, Existentialism)