WORLD WAR I 1914-1918

1. WORLD WAR I1914-1918 THE SEEDS OF CONFLICT The Causes of World War I

2. From 1914 to 1918, World War I raged in Europe • Text What caused World War I? This “Great War” was the largest, most destructive war the world had yet seen World War I was a global war that altered the course of the 20th Century

3. From 1870 to 1914, a number of developments gradually increased tensions among the European powers that led to the outbreak of World War I The MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM causes of World War I

4. REMEMBER M-A-I-N M- Militarism * Developing and building up of armies and navies for competition A- Alliances The Triple Alliance | Central PowerThe Triple Entente | Allied Powers Germany, Austria-Hungry, Italy Britain, France, Russia I- Imperialism * When one country takes over new lands or countries and makes them follow their rules. N- Nationalism * Strong feelings of pride and loyalty for a country or culture. * People are proud of their country and would fight for their country

5. MILITARISM defined Militarism is having a policy of aggressive military preparedness (being always ready to fight) Developing and building up of armies and navies for competition

6. MILITARISM The Industrial Revolution led to large, advanced militaries in Europe Europeans believed that to be great, nations had to have strong militaries

7. MILITARISM Nations glorified military power and kept an army that was always prepared for war Having a strong army increased patriotism among citizens

8. HOW DID MILITARISM HELP START THE WAR? • Tension from nationalism and imperialism led to a widespread paranoia throughout Europe • Every nation was concerned over the intentions of other nations • Because of this paranoia, nations engaged in an arms race. They built up their armies, navies, and weaponry, wanting to be ready for war • The two main competitors in the arms race were Germany and Britain

9. A PRODUCT OF THE ARMS RACE: THE DREADNOUGHT First developed by the British and reproduced by the Germans, the Dreadnought is faster, more heavily armed, and more heavily armored than any class of battleship before

10. ALLIANCE defined An alliance is a bond or connection between nations, groups, or individuals It is an association to further the common interests of the members

11. ALLIANCES Growing rivalries among nations led to the formation of two military alliances that threatened to draw European nations into war England, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary made up the Triple Alliance

12. So when Russia stepped in to defend Serbia from Austria-Hungary, their alliance partners all eventually joined in the fight Russia, bound by treaty to Serbia, announced mobilization of its vast army in defense. Archduke Franz Ferdinand The member nations of each alliance promised to fight for its partners if one of them was ever attacked

13. Britain, allied to France by a "moral obligation" upon her to defend France, declared war against Germany Germany, allied to Austria-Hungary by treaty, viewed the Russian mobilization as an act of war against Austria-Hungary, and after scant warning declared war France, bound by treaty to Russia, found itself at war against Germany and, by extension, on Austria-Hungary

14. IMPERIALISM defined Imperialism is the seizure of a country or territory by another country Imperialism’s purpose is to gain more power and make more money for your country by controlling weaker countries

15. HOW DID IMPERIALISM HELP START THE WAR? TheIndustrial Revolution led to an increase in manufacturing in Britain, Germany, and France Because of the increased manufacturing, they needed places to sell what they made as well as sources of raw materials

16. IMPERIALISM European nations competed fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia This competition increased European rivalry and mistrust

17. IMPERIALISM Germany and France almost went to war three times over Morocco Competition for colonies often pushed Europeans to the brink of war England and France argued over rights to the Sudan Germany, England, and Russia argued over building a railroad in India

18. Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II was an imperialist monarch who wanted “a place in the sun” for Germany

19. Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany • “A place in the sun” is a figure of speech that means having a place as the most powerful nation in Europe • Gaining power through imperialism was something the Kaiser was in favor of

20. NATIONALISM defined Nationalism is loyalty and devotion to a nation of people. It is a sense of national identity exalting one nation above all others. It can be defined as pride in one’s nation, and it can also be defined as the desire of an ethnic group to have its own nation.

21. NATIONALISM Rivalries due to militarism and imperialism increased nationalism among European powers British propaganda poster, 1897 Austrian national poster, 1900

22. NATIONALISM European rivals tried to maintain a balance of power while also trying to overpower each other “European Balance of Power, 1914”

23. HOW DID NATIONALISM HELP START THE WAR? First, a little German history… For centuries, Germany was a divided nation. At one point, the German-speaking people were divided into nearly 200 states, ruled by kings and princes who protected their own private little empires. (Imagine if the U.S. were 50 separate nations!)

24. HOW DID NATIONALISM HELP START THE WAR? First, a little German history… For nearly a 1000 years, the German people tried to unite, but were met with failure over and over This was NOT a natural development for a nation While other European countries had been forming great, powerful nations, divided Germany was stuck in medieval times for centuries

25. A UNIFIED GERMANY “Germany will be united through blood and iron!” As a result, when the Germans finally DID become unified, they were very aggressive in guarding that unification After becoming unified, the Germans worked hard to catch up with the major European powers (such as Britain and France) in terms of industry, colonies, and military might OTTO VON BISMARCK

26. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY A MULTI-ETHNIC EMPIRE Austria was the main part of the empire, ruled over by the Hapsburg royal family Hungary was part of the Austrians’ empire, but had equal status within it

27. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY A MULTI-ETHNIC EMPIRE All of the other ethnic groups within the empire were ruled over by the Austrians

28. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY A MULTI-ETHNIC EMPIRE Many of these ethnic groups wanted to have their own nations, outside of the rule of the Austrians Over a dozen different languages were spoken in Austria-Hungary’s empire

29. THE BALKANS: THE POWDER KEG OF EUROPE Austria-Hungary ruled over part of the Balkans, a group of nations (Serbia, Bosnia, and others) in Southeast Europe. The Balkans had many conflicting national groups. Many of them, under Austrian rule, wanted nations of their own.

30. THE BALKANS: THE POWDER KEG OF EUROPE The Balkans had many wars over the years; the region was so unstable, it was referred to as “The Powder Keg of Europe”

31. THE BALKANS: THE POWDER KEG OF EUROPE Serbiawas pro-Slavic and was supported by its Slavic brother, Russia The Serbs wanted to create one great Slavic nation out of the Balkans; this directly conflicted with Austria-Hungary’s territorial goals for the Balkans (who owned the Slavic nation of Bosnia)

32. THE BALKANS: THE POWDER KEG OF EUROPE All of these countries and national groups had their own goals, and they often conflicted with other nations THE BALKANS WERE LIKE A TIME BOMB, WAITING TO EXPLODE

33. With the tensions in Europe high from MILITARISM, ALLIANCES, IMPERIALISM, and NATIONALISM …all that was needed for an explosion to occur was a spark

34. THE SPARK: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand