Instructional Design and Program Mapping

1. Instructional Design and Program Mapping Paulina Pannen 2009

2. Trends • 5th Generation: The Virtual/Online/ E- Learning Model • Web-based courses (integrated multimedia) • Computer Mediated Communication • Computer intelligent system • 6th Generation: • The Mobile Learning (M-Learning or Palm-E Model) • Web-based courses • (integrated multimedia) • Mobile/Handphone Mediated Communication • Computer intelligent system

3. E-Learning … is a collection of information packages for education which is available at any time and any place and are delivered to learners electronically. … covers a wide set of applications and processes, such as web-based learning, computer-based learning, virtual classroom, and digital collaboration. It includes the delivery of content via internet, intranet/extranet, audio and videotape, satellite broadcast, interactive TV, CD-ROM, etc.

4. E-learning Content Hardware: computer Software Interaction Strategies Infrastructure/network

5. Registered Student Enrolled Student Administrative Affair E-mail Course Lecture Lecture Module On Homepage Off Classroom Tutor and Assignment Response Mailing List Reading and HomeWork Assignment E-mail Peer Interaction HTTP Link to Access Cross Reference and Other External Sources Learn the Course Material By Using Simulation Program Access to Cross Reference and Other External Sources Laboratory Assignment Test and Exam Materials on Homepage Course Completion Student Activities

6. Instructional Design • What is Instructional Design? • … a systematic process to design, develop, and evaluate instructional system (consisting of all instructional components, objects, and evaluation) for improved students’performance

7. Instructional Design: Principles • Systematic and systemic • Comprehensive in depth and width (standard competencies, basic competencies, indicators, all learning components) • Habit development (gradually) • Transfer of knowledge and skills (to other situation/ context) • Individualized (supermarket model) • Distributed learning

8. Instructional Design: ADDIE Analyze Design and Develop Implement Evaluate Identify objectives Identify Instructional Issues Conduct formative evaluation (try out/pilot test) Conduct instructional analysis Identify basic competencies Analyze setting Authentic implementation Identify student’s entry behavior Write test, assignment, exercises Design Alternative Solutions Monitoring and Evaluation of the program Select instructional strategy Develop instructional materials

9. Design Components DELIVERY How to? The three focus for Content Development E-LEARNING CONTENTS Learning Object Materials INTERACTIVITIES Activities Scenario/Learning Path Feedback

10. Design Components Program Mapping Delivery system Content: Learning Object Materials Interaction: Learning Design and Path

11. Program Mapping • “the systematic process of translating general principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials and learning: • a method enabling learners to attain certain learning objectives, • involving certain learning objects, • by performing certain learning activities in a certain order in the context of a certain learning environment”.

12. Program Mapping Content: Learning Object Materials It is not a mere transfer of printed modules or tutorials into the LMS, neither it is a mere replication of face-to-face instruction into an electronic teaching and learning format.

13. Program Mapping Content: Learning Object Materials • Classifying the elements of learning (learning objects) • Aggregating the elements (learning objects) – hierarchical, cluster, procedural, combination Learning Objects (content)

14. Existing Content LMS Program Mapping Content: Learning Object Materials Learning Content Content Generator (Authoring Tools) Create Chunk Redesign Assemble Learning Catalog Find Import Track Deliver

15. Program Mapping Mata kuliah Lesson 2 (text, …) Lesson 1 (text, images, links) Lesson 3 (text, …) Learning materials: Text, images, video, audio, links, glossary Interaction: Discussion forum Teleconference, Face-to-face E-mail (Q&A) Media (video, ppt, images, clipart, audio, etc. Assignment: reading summary, Surfing websites Paper writing, Contact resource person Test (self test, quiz, etc.)

16. Program Mapping Delivery system • Single Media versus Multimedia • Development or purchase of media? • Students Response? • Stimulating context for learning?

17. Program Mapping Delivery system Face-to-face blended learning Videoconference blended learning Web-based blended learning • Face-to-face • Web-based course • Face-to-face • Videoconference • Videoconference • Web-based course LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

18. Program Mapping Interaction: LEARNING DESIGN • Design learning activities or learning path (like scripting for a drama), or adding properties, or condition • Players • Sequence and Activity for each roles • Environment supporting the activity • Methods (strategies to make learning takes place) • to achieve a certain learning objective (competency) Methods, learning activities, learning environment (activities)

19. Program Mapping: Interaction Interaction is … the process of active learner engagement with each other, content, instructor, or sofware.

20. Program Mapping: method • Strategi yang dapat dirancang dosen: • Tanya jawab (Q&A) • Discussion forums • Students activities: • Telecollaboration • Project/problem based learning • Simulations • Searching • Etc. • Initial case problem • Test question • Examples and analogies • Visual information • Spot challenges (games) • Illuminating exercises • Application problem • Student review/summary

21. Program Mapping: method • Lead-off story or interesting visual • Initial case problem • Test question • Examples and analogies • Visual information • Spot challenges (games) • Illuminating exercises • Application problem • Student review/summary BUILDING INTEREST MAXIMIZING UNDERSTANDING & RETENTION INVOLVING STUDENTS DURING LECTURE REINFORCING THE LECTURE

22. Program Mapping:CALL Activities (English Language) • Brainstorming, clustering ideas, outlining, color coding, graphic presentation using advance word processors • Outlining and summarizing text • Powerpoint presentation (synchronous for speaking) • Authentic communication: email, chat, forum • Using concordances/vocabulary software (searching the net) • Using content-based software (wiki, etc.) • Annotated bibliography • Creating brochure • Reporting on web searching • Evaluating web critically Building Interest? Control? Response? Manipulation? Co-construction? Maximizing Understanding & Retention? Involvement of students? Reinforcing The Lecture?

23. Program Mapping: learning path Response Manipulation Co-construction • Control • Pace • Flow • Depth • Trigger prior • knowledge • Scaffold learning • Check learners’ • understanding • Summarize learning • Extend learning • Evaluate learning Manipulation of learning objects through various interaction to make sense, and to construct meaning and products based on competency (ies) • Concept development • Computation - illustration Acquisition Production

24. Program Mapping:FEEDBACK Asynchronous (indirect) Synchronous (direct) Free time Time bound From other sources From lecturers Discussion forum Individual mail

25. Program Mapping: Generic Form Title : ............................................................... Description : ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... Learning Objectives : ............................................................... (Standar Kompetensi) ......................................................... ............................................................... ...............................................................

26. Program Mapping: F2F + Print + Audio Visual Title : ............................................................... Description : ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... Learning Objectives : ............................................................... (Standar Kompetensi) ......................................................... ............................................................... ...............................................................

27. Program Mapping: Videoconference Title : ............................................................... Description : ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... Learning Objectives : ............................................................... (Standar Kompetensi) ......................................................... ............................................................... ...............................................................

28. Program Mapping: Web-based course Title : ............................................................... Description : ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... Learning Objectives : ............................................................... (Standar Kompetensi, ......................................................... Kompetensi Dasar) ............................................................... ...............................................................

29. Program Mapping Examples Web-based course unit Unit of Study: Butterfly Title : ............................................................... Description : ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... Learning Objectives : ............................................................... (Standar Kompetensi, ......................................................... Kompetensi Dasar) ............................................................... ...............................................................

30. Program Mapping

31. Example: blended Learning Face-to-face Learning Classroom Environment Formal Classroom Computer Laboratory Science Laboratory Number of Meetings 5 or less meetings 5 or more meetings Teaching Strategies Direct & Indirect Online Learning Resources Learning Objects PDF Documents Microsoft Office Attachments Digital Library Discussions Asynchronous Discussion Forums Self-Managed Learning Specially Designed Modules With support from: CD-ROM Courseware Digital Library Physical Library Subject Matter Experts Peers Tutors

32. 8% 12% Example: blended Learning Online Learning (15 hours) Face-to-Face Tutorials (10 hours) Self-Managed Learning (95 hours) 80%

33. Example: blended Learning Learning Materials Print Modules CD-ROMs

34. Inorganic Chemistry: Interactive 3-D structure of a salt crystal Microeconomics: Interactive Opportunity Cost Graph English for Oral Communications: Interactive Web-Audio Learning Skills for Open & Distance Learning: Interactive Tutorial Example: blended Learning Learning Materials: e-content

35. Example: blended Learning E-Books E-Journals

36. Example: blended Learning Learning Management System • APICTA Malaysia Merit Award (2006) • Used by 4 Local IPTAs and 1 Professional Organisation • Used by the MOHE of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

37. Example: blended Learning LMS Functionalities • Collaborative Learning: • Forum • Chat • File Sharing & Exchange • Group Project • Wiki • Online Test • Online Assignment • Question Bank • Online Forum Tracking & Monitoring • LCMS: ID Wizard

38. Example: blended Learning i-Radio

39. Example: blended Learning Changes

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50. Key Questions: Are you ready to be different? Are you making any changes?