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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Right Brain non-verbal Concrete Holistic (big pic) Intuitive spontaneous. Left Brain Logical Language Verbal Sequential/linear (Math) Abstract…math/science Planner. Brain Dominance. http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm. Objectives.

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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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  1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  2. Right Brain non-verbal Concrete Holistic (big pic) Intuitive spontaneous Left Brain Logical Language Verbal Sequential/linear (Math) Abstract…math/science Planner Brain Dominance http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm

  3. Objectives • To learn protective parts/features of CNS • To learn structure and function of the Spinal Cord • To understand the brain structure and function as well as development.

  4. Protection of the CNS • Bones • Meninges

  5. Protection of the CNS • The brain & spinal cord are protected by bones, membranes, and fluid A. Bones • *8 skull bones encase the brain • *30 vertebrae encase the spinal cord

  6. Can you name the bones?

  7. B.) Meninges - Membranes surrounding CNS • 3 Layers encasing the brain • a.) Dura mater • outermost membrane: attached to periosteum of the skull • contains many blood vessels & nerves • tough, white fibrous connective tissue

  8. b.) Arachnoid Mater • middle layer • thin net-like membrane • No blood vessels • Sub-arachnoid space lies deep to this layer and is filled with CSF which serves as a cushion for brain

  9. c.) Pia Mater inner layer that clings to brain surface very thin delicate connective tissue many nerves & blood vessels = nourishment dips into grooves and contours inner layer that clings to brain surface erves & blood vessels = nourishment dips into grooves and contours

  10. Meningitis • What does the word Mean? • Caused by: • Bacteria or virus • Affects: • Mainly arachnoid and pia maters • Younger or older generations • People with suppressed immune systems • Complications of disease: • Loss of vision, hearing paralysis, mental retardation…death

  11. C. Ventricles • Interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem • Continuous with central canal of spinal cord • Filled with CSF cerebral spinal fluid

  12. D. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) • Secreted by Choroid Plexus • Circulation: Ventricles 1&2 --> 3rd --> 4th --> central canal --> reabsorbed into bloodstream • Approx. 1 liter is secreted daily: Secreted and reabsorbed continuously • Functions: cushion & circulation of nutrients/wastes

  13. The BrainStructures and Functions

  14. Brain Lobes

  15. Forebrainprosencepahlon • Includes hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum

  16. Midbrainmesencephalon • Connects cerebrum to spinal cord • Reflex center for eye and some head movements

  17. Hindbrainrhombencephalon • Cerebellum • Medulla oblongata • Pons

  18. Cerebrum • Largest part of brain • Contains many folds and bumbs • Sulci vs. gyri • Corpus callosum is found b/t the L and R • Responsible for reasoning, intellectual fxn and critical thinking

  19. Right Brain non-verbal Concrete Holistic (big pic) Intuitive spontaneous Left Brain Verbal Sequential/linear Abstract…math/science Logical Planner Brain Dominance http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm

  20. Thin layer (2-5mm); largest and most anterior structure of brain Contains 75% of neuron cell bodies in NS Memory, attn, thought processes, language Cerebral Cortex

  21. cerebellum • Regulates balance • body position • Posture • Muscle coordination

  22. Medulla oblongata • Vital Reflex center • Visceral activities: • blood pressure, respiratory • cardiac • Part of the brain stem • Injuries often fatal

  23. Corpus callosum • Deep bridge of nerve fibers • Connects L and R brain • Intercommunication b/t hemispheres is not completely understood

  24. Optic chiasma

  25. Limbic System

  26. Limbic • Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala • Important in emotions and formation of memories

  27. Hypothalamus Part of diencephalon Secretes hormones Dopamine, oxytocin, growth hormones Regulates body temp, heart rate, hunger/weight, alertness Center involved with emotion Limbic

  28. Thalamus Part of diencephalon Motor control Receives visual and auditory senses

  29. Pineal gland • Produces melatonin; controls circadian rhythm • Size of a pea; 8mm • Think about it… • Stimulated by dark • Inhibited by light

  30. c Pineal body

  31. Pituitary gland • Endocrine gland; secretes hormones • Examples • growth hormones; • regulate breast milk production; sexual hormones • possibly blood pressure

  32. Pons • b/t midbrain and medulla oblongata • Regulates rate and depth of breathing • Homeostatic mechanisms

  33. Mammillary body • Named for resemblance of 2 breast • Associated with memory • Damaged by alcoholic intoxication

  34. Hippocampus • Part of limbic system • Emotions, inhibition • Long term memory • Alzheimer’s disease • First to be damaged If damaged, what do you predict would be the results?

  35. Reticular formation • Brainstem and diencephalon • Alertness, arousal, sensory integration, motivation • connects to areas in the thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex and cerebellum http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm

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