The influence of final consonants on some Vietnamese tones spoken in Udon Thani province, Thailand

1. The influence of final consonants on some Vietnamese tones spoken in Udon Thani province, Thailand Songgot Paanchiangwong Ph.D candidate Faculty of Linguistics and Vietnamese study University of Social Sciences and Humanities Hanoi National University, Vietnam Songgot_p@yahoo.com

2. Aim of this paper To find out the dialect of Vietnamese spoken in Udon Thani province, Thailand

3. Introduction to Udon Thani province

4. Introduction to Vietnamese immigrants in Udon Thani province, Thailand The Vietnamese immigrants call themselves as “Việt kiều”. Old Vietnamese immigrants “Việt kiều cũ” New Vietnamese immigrants “Việt kiều mới”

5. The old Vietnamese immigrants “Việt kiều cũ” Since 1656 – 1688 Until 1824 - 1910

6. The new Vietnamese immigrants “Việt kiều mới” During World War II (around 1945)

7. Proportion of Vietnamese immigrantsin Udon Thani, Thailand

8. Hypothesis of this paper Therefore most of Vietnamese immigrants in Udon Thani came from the Central of Vietnam, the Vietnamese spoken in Udon thani should be Central dialect.

9. Findings 1. There are 6 tones. 2. Two groups of final consonants which influence on some tones; 2.1 Nasal; / m /, / n /, / ŋ /. 2.2 Voiceless Stop; / p /, / t /, / k /.

10. 3. Three tones are influenced by those final consonants. They are: 3.1 Tone “Ngã” 3.2 Tone “Sắc” 3.3 Tone “Nặng” 4. Others tone can be pronounced as the same in Vietnam

11. 1. Nasal influences on tone “Ngã” (A) “Ngã” with others 400- 300- 200- “rõ” “ngữ” “rỗi” 100- (B) “Ngã” with Nasal 400- 300- 200- “dưỡng” “nhiễm” “nhẫn” 100-

12. 2. Voiceless Stop influences on tone “Sắc” (A) “Sắc” with others 400- 300- 200- “có” “đến” “miếng” 100- (B) “Sắc” with Voiceless stop 400- 300- 200- “chất” “lắp” “óc” 100-

13. 3. Voiceless Stop influences on tone “Nặng” (A) “Nặng” with others 400- 300- 200- “lạo xạo” “phụ” 100- “đội” (B) “Nặng” with Voiceless stop 400- 300- 200- “mặt” “dục” “lập” 100-

14. By comparison with the works of “Đoàn Thiện Thuật”and“Hoàng Thị Châu”

15. The comparison of tone “Ngã” Vnm in Udon Thani 400- (A) (B) 300- 200- 100- Hanoi dialect 400- (A)(B) 300- 200- 100-

16. The comparison of tone “Sắc” Vnm in Udon Thani 400- (B) (A) 300- 200- 100- Hanoi dialect 400- (B)(A) 300- 200- 100-

17. The comparison of tone “Nặng” Vnm in Udon Thani 400- 300- 200- (B) (A) 100- Hanoi dialect 400- 300- 200- (B)(A) 100-

18. Conclusion The Vietnamese tone spoken in Udon Thani, Thailand, has characteristic as below: there are 6 tones as the North Vietnamese. tone “Ngã”, “Sắc”, “Nặng” are the same pronunciation as in Hanoi dialect.

19. References • Thai • Burutphat, Khachatphai. Immigrated Vietnamese. Duang Kamol publishing, • Bangkok, Thailand, 1978. • Srichampa, Sophana. Encyclopedia of ethnology in Thailand : Vietnam. • Institute of Language and Culture for rural development, Mahidol University, • Thailand, 2005. • Sripana, Thanyathip. Viet Kieu in Thailand in Thai-Vietnamese Relationship. • Institute of Asia Study, Chulalongkhorn University, Thailand, 2005. • English • Thompson L.C., A Vietnamese reference grammar, Mon-khmer Studies XII-XIV, edited • by Stephen O’Harrow, University of Hawaii, 1984-1985. • Vietnamese • Đoàn Thiện Thuật. Ngữ âm tiếng Việt. The third edition, Hanoi National University, • Hanoi, Vietnam, 2004. • Hoàng Thị Châu. Phương ngữ học tiếng Việt. Hanoi National University, Hanoi, • Vietnam, 2004. • Lê Quang Thiêm. Nghiên cứu đối chiếu các ngôn ngữ, Hanoi National University, • Hanoi, Vietnam, 2004. • Nguyễn Văn Phức. Ngữ âm tiếng Việt thực hành, University of Social Sciences and • Humanities, National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2004. • Trần Trí Dõi. Khái quát về ngữ âm tiếng việt, Cơ sở tiếng Việt, Culture and information • publishing, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2000. • Vũ Văn Thi. Một số vấn đề dạy ngữ âm và chữ viết tiếng Viẹt cho người nước ngoài. • Magazine of Langauge, number 2, Vietnam, 2004, 41-48.

20. Thank you for your attention