Kingdom Animalia

1. Kingdom Animalia INVERTEBRATES: NO BACK BONE Sponges Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Mollusks

2. Sponges • Assymetrical: similar parts regularly arranged around a central axis • Freshwater or saltwater • Sessile – do not move • Filter feeders: filter food out of the water • Body covered with many pores (openings)

3. Sponges • All cells function independently  • Some produce spicules: thin, spiny structures that form the endoskeleton • Some produce soft fibers as a skeleton • These are the ones people use

5. Sponge Reproduction: • Asexually –budding • Sexually – joining of sperm and egg

6. Other Sponge Facts: • Sponges can regenerate – replace lost body parts through mitotic cell division. • Commercial sponge harvesting for personal care industry. • Used as medicines

7. Cnidarians – Stinging Animals • Radial Symmetry: similar parts regularly arranged around a central axis • Hollow central cavity with 1 opening called a mouth

8. Cnidarians – Stinging Animals • 2 body types: • Polyp: vase shape that doesn’t move • Medusa: umbrella shape that moves around

9. Cnidarians – Stinging Animals • Mostly saltwater • Corals • Jellyfish • Sea anemones • Hydra

11. Feeding • Use tentacles to capture food. • Tentacles have NEMATOCYSTS – stinging cells that grab and immobilize prey using toxins. • Waste products and undigested materials are expelled through the mouth.

12. Organization • Nerve net – conducts impulses from all parts of the body. • No brain. • Two layers of tissues derived from endoderm and ectoderm

13. Cnidarian Reproduction • Asexually – budding (polyp form) • Sexually –produces egg and sperm

14. Flatworms - Platyhelminthes • Bilateral Symmetry: body the same on both sides • Acoelomate – no body cavity.

15. An Important Group •   Free-living in freshwater or parasitic in a host • Many nasty parasitic infections. • Dugesia • Tapeworms • Flukes

17. Flatworm Feeding • Free living flatworms are scavengers. • Parasitic flatworms use specialized structures (usually with hooks) to attach to a host.

18. Flatworm Reproduction • Sexually - Hermaphrodites – internal fertilization. • Asexually – fission – when damaged, regenerates new body parts.

19. Roundworms - Nematoda • Bilateral Symmetry • Free-living in soil or parasitic in a host • Pseudomate – false body cavity. • Movement - Longitudinal muscles produce a thrashing movement

20. Roundworm Feeding • Have a simple digestive system. • Have a mouth and an anus • Parasitic roundworms use specialized structures called hooks and suckers to attach to a host.

21. An Important Group • Many nasty parasitic infections in humans, livestock • Pinworms, Ascaris, hookworms, Trichinella

22. Segmented Worms- Annelida • Bilateral Symmetry • Body is divided into segments • Body covered with mucus to aid in movement • Have tiny setae (bristles) to pull it through the soil

23. Segmented Worms- Annelida • Have a closed circulatory system: all fluids are in tubes • Have a simple nervous system • Ex. Earthworm

24. MOLLUSKS • Soft bodied animals that have an inner and outer shell • They have a tube foot to: • Open and close their shell • Movement • Bury themselves in the sand

25. MOLLUSKS • They have a head with a sense organ (like an eye) • 3 Groups separated by shell characteristics • Single or no shell • 2- Shell • Tentacled

26. Single or No Shell Mollusks • Ex. Slugs and snails • Also called gastropods • Radula: tongue that’s used to get food

27. 2-Shell Mollusks • Ex. Clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops • Also known as bivalves • Filter feed • If sand gets stuck for many years, it becomes a pearl

28. Tentacled Mollusks • Ex. Octopus, Squid, and nautiluses • Also known as cephalopods • Use tentacles to catch food