Industrialization Spreads

1. Industrialization Spreads Ch 25 section 3

2. Great Britain wants to dominate • Great Britain wants to keep the secrets of industrialization to themselves. • They forbid their engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers form leaving the country.

3. Secretly came to the United States in 1789. He built a spinning machine from memory. He became wealthy and eventually owned 13 spinning mills. Samuel Slater

5. Slater Mill Pawtucket, RI

6. Moses Brown • Opened the first factory in Pawtucket Rhode, Island • He used Slater’s machines to produce thread.

7. Francis Cabot Lowell • In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell and 4 other investors revolutionized the American textile factory. • They mechanized every stage in the manufacture of cloth. • They set up factories in Waltham, MA. • When Lowell died, the town was named Lowell, MA. • By the late 1820’s Lowell, MA became a huge manufacturing center.

9. Mill Girls • Thousands of young, single women, flocked to these mills to find work. • Average age was 24 • They were watched closely inside and outside the factory to make sure they behaved properly. • They worked 12 hours per day, 6 days per week for decent wages. • For some women, the only alternative to working in the mill was becoming a servant.

10. Lowell Girls • Lived in nearby boarding houses • Men were not allowed • Expected to attend church regularly. • Curfew was at 10p.m. • Expected to have high standards and demonstrate good values

16. There was a great deal of industrial growth in the northeast during the 1800s. • However, the US remained mostly agricultural until after the Civil War ended in 1865.

17. Technological Boom • Light bulb • Telephone • Railroads

18. Belgium • A carpenter, William Cockerill, from England went to Belgium in 1799. • He carried secret plans for building a spinning machinery. • His son, John, eventually built an enormous industrial enterprise in Belgium. • They produced machinery, steam engines, and railway locomotives.

20. Germany • Imported British equipment and engineers • Sent their children to England to learn industrial management • Built railroads to connect major cities • Economic strength led Germany to develop military power

21. Other European Countries • Bohemia- spinning • Spain- cotton • Northern Italy- textile, silk spinning • Russia- serfs ran factories • France- railroads

22. Geographical Barriers • Austria-Hungary could not build railroads due to huge mountains. • Spain lacked good roads and waterways for canals.

23. Worldwide Impact • Shifted world balance of power. • Promoted competition between industrialized nations • Increased poverty in less developed nations

24. Global Inequality • Widened gap between industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations. • Many industrialized nations sold goods to non-industrialized nations at high prices. • Countries began using exploiting their colonies for their natural resources.

25. Imperialism • The policy of extending one country’s rule over many other lands • Gave more power and wealth to the already wealthy, industrialized nations • Imperialism was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the development for new markets around the world, and the need for resources to supply the factories.

26. Society Transforms • Industrialization gave Europe tremendous economic power. • Much of Europe could produce goods faster and cheaper. • Despite the hardships of the early urban workforce, population, health, and wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries. • The development of a middle class created great opportunities for education and democratic participation, which also helped fuel a powerful movement for reform.

27. Economies of Asia and Africa were still based on agriculture and small workshops.