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UNDERSTANDING FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE INFECTION by Cleon V. Kimberling Extension Veterinarian Colorado State University

UNDERSTANDING FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE INFECTION by Cleon V. Kimberling Extension Veterinarian Colorado State University. FOR AN INFECTION TO OCCUR THERE IS A CHAIN OF EVENTS. HOST. AGENT. MODE OF ESCAPE. MODE OF TRANSMISSION. MODE OF ENTRY. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST. HOSTS. CATTLE. SWINE.

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UNDERSTANDING FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE INFECTION by Cleon V. Kimberling Extension Veterinarian Colorado State University

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  1. UNDERSTANDING FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE INFECTION by Cleon V. Kimberling Extension Veterinarian Colorado State University

  2. FOR AN INFECTION TO OCCUR THERE IS A CHAIN OF EVENTS • HOST • AGENT • MODE OF ESCAPE • MODE OF TRANSMISSION • MODE OF ENTRY • SUSCEPTIBLEHOST

  3. HOSTS • CATTLE • SWINE • SHEEP & GOATS • ALL CLOVEN HOOFED • ANIMALS. • CAMELIDS ARE NOT HIGHLY • SUSCEPTIBLE

  4. RESISTANT SPECIES • HORSES • MAN • FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE • IS NOT A HUMAN HEALTH • HAZARD

  5. AGENT (FMD VIRUS) • VIRUS • EXTREMELY SMALL • EXTREMELY HARDY • NOT KILLED BY NORMAL • PASTEURIZATION • LIVES FOR MONTHS IN • MEAT & MILK PRODUCTS

  6. AGENT (FMD VIRUS) • RESISTANT TO MANY • COMMON DISINFECTANTS • A LOW OR HIGH PH • KILLS THE VIRUS • VINEGAR – CLOROX • LYE (NaOH)

  7. AGENT (FMD VIRUS) • SURVIVES FOR WEEKS OR • MONTHS IN DRIED • SECRETIONS • SURVIVES LONG PERIODS • IN COOL DAMP CLIMATES

  8. AGENT (FMD VIRUS) • HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS • IT TAKES VERY FEW • VIRUS PARTICALS TO • CAUSE AN INFECTION • A PIECE OF INFECTED • MATERIAL THE SIZE • OF A QUARTER WILL INFECT • 1,000,000 HEAD OF CATTLE

  9. HOW DOES THE VIRUS ESCAPE FROM THE ANIMAL? • IN RUPTURED VESCICLE FLUID • EXHALED AIR • SALIVA • MILK • SEMEN • FECES • URINE

  10. TRANSMISSION • THE VIRUS IS SHED 5-10 • BEFORE CLINICAL SIGNS • APPEAR • VACCINATED ANIMALS CAN • SHED THE ORGANISM • RECOVERED CATTLE, SHEEP • AND BUFFALO CAN BECOME • CARRIERS

  11. FMD VIRUS SURVIVES • UP TO 3 DAYS IN MUSCLE • FOR MONTHS IN CHILLED OR • FROZEN LYMPH NODES, BONE • MARROW, VISCERA AND • RESIDUAL BLOOD CLOTS

  12. SOME PLACES WHERE THE VIRUS HIDES OUT • SAUSAGE/HAM/BACON • 190 DAYS • DRIED SKIM MILK 2 YEARS • CURED HIDES 352 DAYS • SURVIVAL OF THE FMD • VIRUS DEPENDS ON pH, • TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY

  13. MODES OF TRANSMISSION • DIRECT CONTACT & • RESPIRATORY AEROSOLS • LIVE ANIMAL MOVEMENT • ARTIFICIAL BREEDING • WINDBORNE SPREAD • PIG EMIT 1,000,000,000 I U /DAY

  14. TRANSMISSION • ANIMAL PRODUCTS & • BY-PRODUCTS • VECTORS • MECHANICAL SPREAD/FOMITES

  15. MODE OF ENTRY • INGESTION • INHALATION • ARTIFICIAL INSEMENATION

  16. SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A NEW HOST • PIGS, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS • AND WILD ANIMALS

  17. WHERE DO WE BREAK THE CHAIN? • PREVENT ENTRY OF THE VIRUS • ALTER THE SUSCEPTIBILITY • OF THE HOST BY VACCINATION

  18. DISEASES THAT CAUSE BLISTERS AND SIMILAR SIGNS • VESICULAR STOMATITIS

  19. IF YOU HAVE AN ANIMAL WITH MOUTH, FEET OR TEAT LESIONS CALL YOUR VETERINARIAN

  20. HOW DO WE HANDLE A SUSPECTED CASE? • IMMEDIATE PREMISE • AND 1 MILE QUARANTINE

  21. HOW DO WE DEAL WITH A FMD OUTBREAK? • QUARANTINE AND CULLING • OF ANIMALS • VACCINATION AND CULLING

  22. WHO IS IN CHARGE? • WHO PAYS THE BILL? • WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS?

  23. WHERE DO I GET ADDITIONAL INFORMATION? www.footandmouth.colostate.edu www.maff.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/fmd/default.html www.guardian.co.uk/gallery/0,2759,180825,00.html

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