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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM TEST 1

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM TEST 1. QUESTIONS 1. What are the four functions of the skeleton? List the four types of bone found in the body. Name the three major bones of the leg. What are the three different types of joint found in the body? List examples.

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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM TEST 1

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  1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM TEST 1 PE DEPARTMENT

  2. QUESTIONS 1 • What are the four functions of the skeleton? • List the four types of bone found in the body. • Name the three major bones of the leg. • What are the three different types of joint found in the body? List examples. • The ulna is found in the lower arm. Where would you find the fibula, sternum, humerus. • Label the diagram of the vertebral column. PE DEPARTMENT

  3. QUESTIONS 2 • Complete the following sentence about a joint using the following words: Capsule, cartilage, fluid, muscles, membrane, synovial, ligaments. The two bones at a …………. joint move smoothly because …………. covers the ends of the bones where they touch each other. A ………… lines the inside of the joint and produces ……………. which lubricates the joint. The joint is strengthened in three ways: by the ……….. surrounding the joint, by the ……….. linking the bones and by a tough ………… that encloses the joint. PE DEPARTMENT

  4. QUESTIONS 3 • Name the organ protected by the following bones: The skull, the ribs, the vertebral column. • Give the proper names for the following: Chest bone, shoulder blade, shin bone, knee cap, the fingers or toes. • Label the parts A, B, C, D, E of the knee diagram using the following words: Hyaline cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, capsular ligament, bone. PE DEPARTMENT

  5. BIDDULPH HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT The Muscular System 3 PE DEPARTMENT

  6. Learning outcomes Name the two types of muscle fibres found in voluntary muscle. Demonstrate an understanding of when each type of muscle fibre would be used. List various examples of activities where each type of fibre would be used. PE DEPARTMENT

  7. Muscle Fibres 1 There are two types of muscle fibre in the bodies voluntary muscles. Each one performs best under different conditions. They are: • Fast-twitch fibres. • Slow-twitch fibres. PE DEPARTMENT

  8. Muscle Fibres 2 • Fast-twitch contract far quicker and stronger than slow-twitch. • They are used mostly for when short but powerful bursts of activity are required. • Slow-twitch contract far less violently but function for much longer periods of time. So: • Fast-twitch are for short-term power and strength activities. • Slow-twitch are for longer-term endurance activities. Qs. Can you give examples of each? PE DEPARTMENT

  9. Muscle Fibres 3 • The ability of both types to do their work depends on the capacity of the circulatory and respiratory systems to deliver sufficient oxygen to them. • Muscles cannot function effectively without an efficient supply of oxygen. • Fast-twitch fibres burn up oxygen very quickly, usually within ten seconds. • They then depend on a less efficient source of energy taken from the bodies stores of carbohydrates until more oxygen is available. Qs. What type of exercise is this known as? PE DEPARTMENT

  10. Muscle Fibres 4 • Slow-twitch fibres work at a much slower rate and are able to replace their oxygen supplies while they still work. • This allows them to work for much longer periods of time. Qs. What type of exercise is this known as? They are both known as: Anaerobic or working without oxygen. Aerobic or working with oxygen. PE DEPARTMENT

  11. Muscle Fibres 5 • The amount of muscle fibres we have in the body is hereditary. • A sprinter may have 70%FT and 30%ST and a marathon runner the complete opposite. • Without specific tests it is impossible to know the distribution of fibres in an individual. • But those who are good at sprinting normally have a high proportion of FT in their legs. Qs. Can you list other examples? PE DEPARTMENT

  12. Muscle Fibres 6 • Those good at endurance have a high proportion of ST fibres in their legs. • The type of fibres used will depend on the type of activity. • The javelin takes a few seconds of explosive anaerobic power. • X-country has to depend on longer-lasting aerobic power. Qs. Can you list other examples. Can you name an activity which requires a combination of both types? PE DEPARTMENT

  13. HOMEWORK • Explain simply the difference between aerobic and anaerobic energy by referring to the use of oxygen. • Name two running events where the energy systems used are: • Mainly aerobic • Mainly anaerobic. PE DEPARTMENT

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