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Multilingual Nations

Multilingual Nations. Chapter 11 Bonvillain. India. Enormous linguistic diversity History- Independence in 1947 English importance Country’s official language Constitution protects the right to linguistic choice Standardization Effects of ‘modernization’ Linguistic Minorities

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Multilingual Nations

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  1. Multilingual Nations Chapter 11 Bonvillain

  2. India • Enormous linguistic diversity • History- Independence in 1947 • English importance • Country’s official language • Constitution protects the right to linguistic choice • Standardization • Effects of ‘modernization’ • Linguistic Minorities • Mass communication promotes marginalization of minority linguistic communities • Circumstances favoring linguistic diversity include: • Little to no job contacts with dominant language speakers • Low levels of formal education • Tendency for endogamous marriages • Lack of migration to other areas

  3. Canada • English and French are the official languages (p.314) • Situational Use • By choosing one language over another, speakers assert their identity and show their sensitivity to their linguistic rights of others (p.317) • Attitudes toward languages and speakers • Speech accommodation theory (p.320)

  4. The United States • Language in the U.S. • History • 18thto mid 19th centuries- encouraged but not forced to speak English by political leaders • Later part of 19th cent. Attitudes changed • Why? Effects of WWII • Percentage of diversity (Figure 11.2, p.325) • Spanish 28.1 million • Chinese 2million • Freench 1.6 million • German 1.4 million • Tagalo 1.2 million • Vientamese & Italian 1 million • Asian Pacific Isalnd 7 million • Native American 332,000 people

  5. The United States (cont.) • Puerto Rican Speakers in New York City • Young males may also speak AAVE • Women are more likely to retain Spanish • Bilingual Education • Transitional- model oriented toward assimilation • 1974 U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision in Lau vs. Nichols • 20 +children would require bilingual program • Controversy of bilingual education? • Test & Results

  6. Native American Languages • Native Americans have resided in this nation for centuries- True “Nativism” • Indigenous languages represent diversity • 1990 U.S. Census reported 332,000 speakers (at home) • The Native American Language Act (p.335) • Encourage Native American language as mediums for instruction…(p.335) • 1887 Indian Schools- purpose and effects? • Continuity and perseverance of Native Americans

  7. Key Points Immigration & the Latino Threat lecture • Anchor babies • Latino Quebec- (sleeping giant analogy) • Media’s biased representations • No historical context • Hate Speech • i.e. American History X • Multiculturalism

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