Development of Greek Society

1. Development of Greek Society Chapter 10/ Standard MWH -2.1. Evaluate the consequences of the changing boundaries of kingdoms in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Africa.

2. HeroditusHistories • Homer • Aristophanes- comedies • Hesiod – mythology • Sappho – female love • Plato – male love • Thucydides – founder of scientific history How do we know so much about the Ancient Greeks?

3. Alleged to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey • Iliad: Greek story about the siege of Troy centered around Achilles (aka: Brad Pitt) • Odyssey: Greek story about Odysseus’s journey home from the Trojan war Homer

4. Greeks traveled widely • Greeks are good with their hands • Greeks like women (as objects, not as equals) • Greeks were a seafaring people • The Mediterranean was a highway, not a barrier to trade, communication, and cultural exchange. What do these stories tell us about Greek Society?

5. 2000 BCE – 1700 BCE • Established on the island of Crete • Knossos complex Minoan Society

6. Nerve center of society • Ruler’s home • Storehouses • Tax collection • Workplace of palace officials • Linear A • Symbols stood for syllables Knossos Palace

7. Palace complex Knossos

8. Sailed all over the Mediterranean • Used Phoenician designs for ships • Traded w/Greece, Anatolia, Phoenicia, Egypt • Traded wine, olive oil, & wool for grain, textiles, and manufactured goods (ie: pottery) • Established colonies on Cyprus & other islands What was so great about Minoans?

9. Indoor plumbing and Bulls

10. Around 1700 BCE – earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves • They rebuilt even bigger complexes which attracted invaders • By 1100 BCE they fell under foreign domination by… the Mycenean’s So why aren’t we using Linear A today?

11. Because of the Myceneans?

12. From 1500 to 1000 BCE Myceneans overpowered? the Minoans • Established Linear B • Established settlements in Anatolia, Sicily, and S. Italy How did the Myceneans take over the Minoans?

13. Hints

14. POLIS: local refuge • Started as a town, became a city, needed a government, etc. • Monarchies, collective rule, tyrants Sparta & Athens, examples of ?

15. Made helots of people • Austere equality • Social status determined by abilities as a warrior • Families delayed • Why did they need a strong military culture? Spartan Culture

16. Man Woman No Vote Vigorous exercise No say-so over children No property ownership • Vote • Military service • No say-so over children • Own property Which city?

17. Man Woman No Vote Vigorous exercise No say-so over children Property control w/ dowry & inheritance • Direct Vote • ostracism • Military service for the poor • Say-so over children • Own property Which city?

18. Aristocrats keep land • No more debt slavery and free pass for debt • Commoners representation in the council of 400 • Reformed judicial system Solon’s Solution for Athens

19. Did Solon’s reforms make Athens a democratic state? Why is this an important detail?

20. 461 BCE to 429 BCE Brought Athens into a new age of democracy Pericles

21. Why would the Greeks find it necessary to colonize?

22. What are some commonalities about Greek colonization?

23. Began settlement in the 8th century BCE • Settled Sicily and S. Italy 1st • Coloniesbrought in agricultural goods and became lucrative markets • More Greeks lived in colonies than on the mainland • Colonized heavily in the black sea region • Not a national policy • Increased trade, communication, and cultural exchange Greek Colonization Facts

24. Persian Wars 500-479 BCE • Persian rulers Cyrus & Darius & Xerxes • Familiarity w/ the names of major battles • Why did it stop? What’s the Greco-Persian conflict about?

25. Persian Conflict

26. Ask yourself… why did the people who joined the Delian league do so? Why did those who abstained do so? The Delian League

27. Based on what you know about the cultural differences between Sparta & Athens along with the alliances present in the Delian league do you believe the cause of war cited in the Illiad is based on factual events or is a cover for deeper divisions? With a partner write a 5 sentence power packed defense of your position. You have 10 minutes. • Thesis • (3) 1 sentence reasoning statements • 1 conclusion statement The Peloponnesian War

28. Now, create a group of 4 and read both statements present aloud. • As a group, synthesize your statements into one statement that represents the strongest argument. • Elect a representative to read the statement to the class. • Class will vote on the strongest statement and will debate the reasons for their choice.

29. Phillip the 2 • Leadership built on strength, not heredity • Built a strong military • After gaining control of Macedon turned his attention to Greece • Assassinated in 336 BCE Rise of the Macedonians

30. Came to power at 20 years old • Unlimited ambition Alexander the Great

31. What’s so great about Alexander?

32. The Alexander conspiracy theory. Never mix love and politics.

33. Alexander’s Holdings Alex’s General’s Holdings Hellenistic Empires

34. The period between the death of Alexander the Great and the Roman empirerefers to the expansion of Greek cultural traditions beyond the traditional borders of Greece. And the question is…

35. Bactrian • Ptolemaic • Selucid Hellenistic Empires

36. How did these trade networks contribute to a larger sense of Greek community between the various empires in the region? Trade

37. Helped to contribute to the spirit of collective identity. Not the benign games of today. The Olympic Games

38. Greek Society & Women

39. Greek Society & Children

40. Socrates 470-399 BCE Plato 384-322 BCE Socrates disciple Wrote down Socrates ideas Theory of forms The Republic – the ideal state • No writings • Reflection on the purposes and goals of life • Corrupting the youth of Athens Philosophy

41. Plato’s allegory of the cave Smart Research: What is it? What does it mean? Where did you find it?

42. Aristotle Greek Philosophers Later Christian and Islamic scholars aligned their view with early Greek philosophers • Disciple of Plato • Disagreed with his forms philosophy • Rules of logic • Relied on the natural world • Influenced later Christian scholars Philosophy

43. Greek Pantheon of dieties • Cults (Dionysis) Religion

44. Based on this textual evidence, how important was the theater in ancient Greek society?

45. Epicureans – quiet pleasure the greatest good • Skeptics – refusal to take strong positions • Stoics – duty to help others and be virtuous In what ways have these philosophies influenced religious history?

46. Describe the difference in Greek political organization as compared with other civilizations you have previously studies. What are the main differences? Similarities?

47. Don’t just memorize, THINK! Now write… thinking about Greek society, the people, philosophies, wars, lifestyle, etc. Help me form a question that will encapsulate the information from this chapter into a usable form.