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EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

Discover the economic, social, and religious motivations that drove European explorers to embark on expeditions to the Americas. Learn about the Conquistadors and their conquests, including Hernan Cortes in Mexico and Francisco Pizarro in Peru. Understand the reasons behind the Spanish victories, such as superior military technology, division among native groups, and the devastating impact of disease.

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EUROPEAN EXPLORATION

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  1. EUROPEAN EXPLORATION Dr. Afxendiou Sachem North High School

  2. CAUSES – THE 3 Gs ECONOMIC Gold • Wealth, it could be in gold, silver or in land SOCIAL Glory • Adventurers went to the Americas looking to make a fortune and make a name for themselves RELIGIOUS God • to spread Christianity to the natives.

  3. THE CONQUISTADORS • The first explorer – Christopher Columbus – 1492 • Followed by Conquistadors – adventurers in search of fortunes and land and wishing to spread their religion • PIP CAM (PIP CAMe to conquer) • Pizarro – Incas – Peru • Cortes – Aztecs - Mexico

  4. Hernan Cortes • Mexico 1519 • His aims: • gain more colonies for Spain • Find gold and silver • Factors leading to his victory • Moctezuma’s hesitation • support of various native groups who hated Aztecs • Malinche

  5. Hernan Cortes • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fonQEj8sKcg

  6. Francisco Pizarro • Peru 1532 • Led 200 men • Inca weak due to civil war • Inca emperor came to meet the Spaniards but was caught in an ambush – ransom paid but he was strangled anyway – demoralized Incas

  7. Francisco Pizarro • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGAWnyH_BYQ

  8. REASONS FOR SPANISH VICTORY • Superior military technology • weapons – muskets, cannons • Horses – natives had never seen such an animal and it frightened them • Spanish armor and helmets protected soldiers from arrows and spears • Division among the native groups – Aztecs and Incas were hated by rival groups they had defeated. Spanish made the enemies their allies • Disease - measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus • Destruction of Tenochtitlan signaled the end of the world – the Aztecs believed they would die anyway

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