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Opener. The Last Word Concerning Virginia What types of people moved to VA? What was their main economic activity? Who had the power in VA?. Read Along. French Exploration Reasons- Searching for NW passage Cartier- explo. allows Fr. King claim New France, present day Can. and N.US

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  1. Opener • The Last Word Concerning Virginia • What types of people moved to VA? • What was their main economic activity? • Who had the power in VA?

  2. Read Along • French Exploration • Reasons- Searching for NW passage • Cartier- explo. allows Fr. King claim New France, present day Can. and N.US • Champlain- 1st perm Fr Col.- Quebec • Jolliet and Marquette- find Miss. River from G. Lakes, no way to Pac. Ocean

  3. French Settlement • W/O NWP- turn to fur trade, becomes $ maker for Fr. • Trade weapons, booze, jewelry, Euro goods w/ natives

  4. Iroquois • Fr. bring disease, tribes wiped out. • Use war captives to repopulate tribe, increase hunting grounds • Iro. Control fur trade • By end of 1600’s control region • Based in NY, along Hudson River and Lake Erie

  5. French Colonization • French Expansion into Canada focused on fur trade w/ natives. Not seriously concerned w/ permanent settlements, just want to make $.

  6. New England • Starting with the Plymouth Colony on pg 50 take your own notes to page 57. • Headings to be addressed: • Plymouth Colony • Puritans and Separatists • Mayflower Compact • Early Difficulties • Mass. Bay Colony • Great Migration • Puritan Society • Salem Witch Trials • Dissent in the Puritan Community • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Half-Way Covenant • King Phillip’s War • How different from VA?

  7. New England • At the end of this class you should be able to explain: • Reasons for Settlement in NE • What life was like • Reasons for dissent • Consequences of Expansion • How NE was different from VA

  8. Puritans and Separatists • 1533- Henry breaks w/ Catholic Church- forms Anglican Church • Many feel Ang still too Cath. • King= Pope, head of church • Want to purify church, make less showy more Bible • -Puritans • Want own church based on Puritan doctrine, from Calvinism • Separatists

  9. Pilgrims • 1610’s- anti-Ang groups persecuted • 1 group of Seps leave, go to Holland • Things not much better, save $ get charter to start colony in NW • 1620-100 “pilgrims”, 200 outsiders go to NW

  10. Self-Government • Outsiders- “not in Eng anymore, don’t have to abide by King” • threaten to break off, do own thing • Pilgrims- know early issues in VA, need structure • Coerce Outsiders to sign Mayflower Compact- Nov. 1620 off coast of NW • Agree to abide by laws they decide • Self Government

  11. Early Struggles • Arrive in winter- too late to start crops • Have to build own structures- most settlers women and children • Not use to hardships • Get help from Indians- teach to grow corn, fish, etc • Conflicts between Pilgrims and “outsiders” over how to run colony • Church authority center of power structure • Are able to find stability after a few years of struggle

  12. Massachusetts Bay Colony • 1630’s Puritans in Eng give up on fixing Ang. Church • Rather be poor & pious than rich & corrupt • “Great Migration”-1000 leave, family units • Seek religious freedom, not religious tolerance • Social order begins with personal order • City Upon a Hill- be an example to world how Puritanism can guide governmental, societal, and spiritual matters • CHURCH IS CENTER OF GOVERNMENT

  13. Puritan Society • Intense and restrictive • Attend church by law, no card or game playing, dancing, no alcohol • Discouraged differences, banish violators of codes of conduct • Structure allows Mass to grow well, longer life spans than England, other colonies • Focus on self-sufficiency, • grow food crops, corn, wheat, fishing, some hunting • focusing on stability

  14. Salem Witch Trials • 3 girls claim possessed by devil, claim various people practice witchcraft • Leads to paranoia and accusations • Most accused plead guilty • burned at stake, hung, drowned • Girls con’t to accuse, make wilder claims, people begin to doubt legitimacy of claims • Eventually stops • Reflects fears of a society in change

  15. Dissent in Puritan Utopia

  16. Roger Williams • Didn’t think King had rights to land in NA, had to buy from Natives • Biggest issue- believes religion and government should be separate • Not because religion corrupts government, but the opposite • Gets kicked out, forms own colony 1635- Rhode Island • Guarantees religious freedom

  17. Anne Hutchinson • Comes to NE with husband • Well educated • Begins after church meetings, talks about unorthodox things • Faith alone for salvation • Answer only to God, not churches and court rooms • Free thinking • Teachings challenge church authority • Being a woman doesn’t help either • Is tried by Governor of colony, kicked out • Goes to NH with family, sadly killed by natives

  18. Conn and NH • 1638- more seps break from Mass • Form Conn and New Hamp. • Expansion leads to native retaliation • 1637: Pequots attack • Puritans hunt down tribe, nearly destroy • Most murdered, some sold to west indies as slaves, others merge into other tribes • Both sides leave peacefully for 35 years

  19. Half-Way Covenant • 1660’s church losing influence • Membership on decline- • Must have spiritual experience • Original pilgrims used trip over • New gen doesn’t feel have legit experience to share • New gen want $ over salvation • Only members can have child baptized, no baptism no salvation • More women declaring experience, problem for male dominated society • Only church members can vote • Church offers deal- • can have children baptized w/o being members, hope get people back into church, get parents to convert • Maintain power structure, loosens admissions into church

  20. King Philip’s War • Mass colony and natives lived in peace about 35 years • Bradford and Massasoit had kept peace, die in 1670 • New leadership on both sides unwilling to negotiate • 1675 native lands few, cols keep taking • Metacom (King Philip) attacks Swansea settlement • Starts war- lasts c. 1year • By summer, Phil’s tribe starving, forced to surrender • English out# native tribes, Native influence wiped out • NE- 2 decades to recover, • huge loss of life, war was close to home, • leaves emotional scar on society, • villages have to be rebuilt, costs colony greatly • Results in delayed economic growth that was prominent in south

  21. Summary • Eng settlement in NE based on creating religious utopias, well defined towns and settlements • Differing views on “utopia” cause spreading of settlement- results in tensions, ultimately war, w/ natives • With end of war English dominate area

  22. How different from VA • Economics- VA trying for exports, cash crops, • NE self-sufficiency- grow food crops • Families- VA single, young men, • NE- Families • Authority- VA- wealthy gentry, royal governor • NE- power in the Puritan Churches • Slavery- VA slave society develops after Bacon’s Rebellion • NE- not many slaves at all

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