Biology End of Course

1. BiologyEnd of Course Review – Taxonomy, Ecology

2. Which of the following taxa are correctly listed from broadest to most specific category? division, kingdom, order, family, genus, species, class kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, species, order kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species genus, species, kingdom, division, class, order, family

3. Which of these processes is carried out by BOTH cells and viruses? creating carbohydrates from sunlight producing new DNA or RNA transporting products through the endoplasmic reticulum metabolizing energy in mitochondria

4. Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable evidence in determining whether or not two animals share a taxonomic relationship? physical structures and appearance diet and nutrition appearance of chromosomes DNA sequences

5. A system for naming species in which two words are used to name an organism is ____. binomial nomenclature cladistics dichotomous keying fan diagramming

6. A living species must demonstrate all of the characteristics listed below EXCEPT ____. the ability to respond to changes in its environment the ability to reproduce growth and development during its lifetime movement

7. If two organisms are able to reproduce successfully, they MUST be in the same ____. Genus Phylum Species Family

8. The gray wolf is classified as Canis lupus. The domestic dog, formerly classified as Canis familiaris, is now classified as Canis lupus familiaris. This change in the scientific name suggests that biologists believe that the domestic dog and the gray wolf belong to the same____. Family Species Genus Phylum

9. Until recently, scientists grouped all bacteria within a single kingdom. However, most now believe that there are two kingdoms of bacteria. This has MOST likely happened because ____. bacteria reproduce and evolve so quickly that they no longer fit into one kingdom advances in decoding DNA have helped scientists rethink how many organisms are related scientists have decided to expand the classification system to twelve kingdoms scientists realized that all bacteria were more closely related than they had previously thought

10. Nutrients added to a community come from dead plants and animals as they ____. Dry out Grow Decompose Reproduce

11. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the biotic parts of the biosphere through ____. burning of forests combustion of fossil fuels photosynthesis all of the above

12. In the carbon cycle, in what form are carbon atoms generally returned to the atmosphere? simple sugars methane carbon monoxide carbon dioxide

13. The element carbon is first introduced into an ecosystem by ____. heterotrophs consumers autotrophs organisms with the lowest biomass

14. What is the main role of plants in the water cycle? They absorb hydrogen from the atmosphere and release water into the soil. They absorb water from the atmosphere during respiration. They gather water molecules that are released during seed dispersal. They release water into the atmosphere during transpiration.

15. The oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere comes mainly from ____. the chemical separation of water molecules in the oceans the chemical breakdown of minerals in the soil the process of photosynthesis occurring in green plants and algae the process of cellular respiration occurring in all organisms

16. What type of organism is NOT included in this food chain? Carnivore Decomposer Predator Producer

17. A relationship between a consumer and producer is best illustrated by ____. a snake eating a rodent a spider eating an insect a bird eating an insect a zebra eating grass

18. In a food web, which type of organism feeds on every other type? a producer a decomposer a carnivore an autotrophy

19. In a specific ecosystem, the population with the greatest number of members will be the ____. primary consumers secondary consumers producers carnivores

20. Plants use the Sun’s energy to make glucose through the process of photosynthesis. The energy stored in glucose is released in the process of ____. cellular respiration digestion replication transpiration

21. Producers primarily obtain their energy from ____. nutrients in the soil water the sun decomposing organisms

22. Which of the following represents the correct food chain for these organisms? robin – hawk – grasshopper – grass hawk – grasshopper – grass – robin grass – hawk – grasshopper – robin grass – grasshopper – robin – hawk

23. Which level of a food chain has the most food energy available? Producers Decomposers Primary consumers Secondary consumers

24. A lichen found growing on rocks is an alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus growing together. Which of the terms below best describes the relationship between the two components of lichen? Symbiotic Saprophytic Parasitic Hydrophilic

25. What is the term for the role and position that a certain species of animal occupies in its environment? Habitat Community Ecosystem Niche

26. Which of these represents a parasitic relationship? plankton on a whale Spanish moss on a tree a tick on a dog a shark eating a fish

27. A relationship in which two different species both benefit by their association is known as ____. Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism Predation

28. While on a field trip, a student turned over a partially rotted log. The student observed fungi, termites, pill bugs, ants, slugs, and earthworms living in and around the log. Collectively, these organisms represent ____. a community an environment a habitat a population

29. Starfish live in saltwater ecosystems. Some species live in shallow tidal pools, while others live in the deepest parts of the ocean. This is a description of the ____ of starfish. Habitat Niche Community None of these

30. Examine the diagram below. What will most likely occur if the population of owls decreases drastically? The population of grasshoppers will increase. The population of hawks will decrease. The population of mice will decrease. The population of mice will increase.

31. Zero population growth can be reached only if the ____. birthrate is reduced to zero birthrate and death rate are equal for a long period of time death rate becomes much greater population becomes subject to density-dependent limiting factors

32. Which of the following might be a limiting factor in an organism’s survival? temperature abundance of predators food availability all of the above

33. Initially, population growth can be illustrated as a J-shaped curve. What is this type of growth called? Sinusoidal Exponential Linear None of the above

34. Examine the energy pyramid below. Which organism stores the LEAST amount of energy? great blue heron crustacean sunfish algae

35. Roots grow downward into the soil as the result of ____. Phototropism Thigmotropism Gravitropism Pressure

36. Which of these is an example of imprinting? Young ducklings follow their mother. A bird makes a nest of grass and twigs. Your cat rubs against your ankles when you open a can of cat food. A chimpanzee searches for a longer pole to reach for a distant fruit.

37. Phototropism is a response to ___. Water Light Gravity Minerals

38. A dog fetching a paper is an example of ____ behavior. Innate Parental care Learned Migration

39. What behavior do many animals exhibit in order to reduce competition? Territoriality Fight-or-flight response Courtship Reflex

40. A plant’s response to an external stimulus that comes from a particular direction is called ____. Tropism Flowering Nastic response Cell division

41. Which organ filters blood that has collected wastes from cells throughout the body and maintains the homeostasis of body fluids? Kidneys Lungs Heart Pacemaker

42. The hormone ____ stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood when glucose levels are low. Glucagon Bile Insulin Gastrin

43. Thigmotropism is a response to ____. Contact Light Gravity Water

44. When a male sea lion patrols the area of beach where his female sea lions rest, he is displaying ____. Habituation Territorial behavior Pecking order Circadian rhythm