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Internet2 Engineering Issues

Internet2's engineering objectives include providing universities with top-notch networking performance, functionality, and understanding, making it strategic for research and education. Advanced functionality like multicast, IPv6, QoS, and end-to-end performance support are key focuses.

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Internet2 Engineering Issues

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  1. Internet2 Engineering Issues IBM T J Watson :: Hawthorne Guy Almes <almes@internet2.edu> 25 July 2001

  2. Internet2 Engineering Objectives • Provide our universities with superlative networking: • Performance • Functionality • Understanding • Make superlative networking strategic for university research and education

  3. Engineering:Advanced Functionality • Multicast • IPv6 • QoS • Measurements • Support for End-to-End Performance

  4. Internet2 Multicast • Multicast Working Group • Kevin Almeroth, Univ California Santa Barbara, chair • Encouraging more pervasive high-quality deployment of native IP multicast throughout the Internet2 infrastructure • Fighting fires • Keeping an eye on SSM • Clarifying the application story

  5. Internet2 Multicast Architecture • PIM-SparseMode • multicast routing within an Autonomous System • quite scalable • notion of rendezvous points • MBGP • between Autonomous Systems • MSDP • Source Discovery

  6. Longer-term WG Issues • Scalability (what happens if it does catch on?) • Exploring the role of Source-Specific Multicast

  7. Could SSM be Enough? • 'Classic' Multicast • Group <g> has global significance • A user creates, joins, sends to g • Others can join, then send to and/or listen to g • MBGP, PIM-SM, MSDP triad • Source Specific Multicast • Group <g> has local significance • A user 's' creates, sends to <s,g> • Others can subscribe to, then list to <s,g> • No need for MSDP (or allocation of <g> values)

  8. Implications of SSM • Simplify Multicast Routing / Addressing • No need for global class-D address allocation • No need for source discovery • Complicates 'few-to-few' applications • Define all the members of the application-level group • Both a burden and an opportunity • Allows better Security, Scalability • Requires new version of IGMP

  9. Multicast Summary • Full functionality supported now • Deployment steadily increasing • Some international peering, e.g., CA*net3 • Performance excellent • Scalability? • Applications?

  10. Internet2 IPv6 • IPv6 Working Group • Dale Finkelson, Univ Nebraska, chair • Build the Internet2 IPv6 infrastructure • Educate campus network engineers to support IPv6 • Explore the Motivation for IPv6 within the Internet2 community

  11. IPv6 Infrastructure • vBNS and Abilene both support IPv6 • Abilene IPv6 with IPv6/IPv4 • Four 'backbone' nodes: Cisco 7200 • Atlanta, Pittsburgh, Denver, and Indianapolis • Managed by the Abilene NOC • IPv6 WG: address allocation and engineering coordination

  12. Education / Training Goals • IPv6 hands-on workshop • Lincoln, Nebraska; 17 May 2001 • starting from scratch, build an IPv6 network, including routers, hosts, DNS tools and various transition tools, ending up with a functional IPv6 network fully interconnected to the global Internet. • Materials from this workshop will be available to enable gigaPoPs and others to use in their own workshops.

  13. Explore IPv6 Motivation • Why should our users, campus decision-makers, and community generally care about IPv6? • IPv6 preserves the classic end-to-end transparency of the Internet architecture • improved support for mobility • key for IPsec • key for the scalability of the Internet • The answers must be pragmatic.

  14. Engineering:End-to-End Performance

  15. The Current Situation • Our universities have access to an infrastructure of considerable capacity • examples of 240 Mb/s flows • End-to-end performance varies widely • but 40 Mb/s flows not always predictable • users don't know what their expectations should be • Note the mismatch

  16. Threats toEnd to End Performance • BW = C x packet-size / ( delay x sqrt(packet-loss ))(Mathis, Semke, Mahdavi, and Ott, CCR, July 1997) • Context: • Network capacity • Geographical distance • Aggressive application

  17. Threats toEnd to End Performance • Fiber problems • dirty fiber • dim lighting • 'not quite right' connectors

  18. Threats toEnd to End Performance • Fiber problems • Switches • horsepower • full vs half-duplex • head-of-line blocking

  19. Threats toEnd to End Performance • Fiber problems • Switches • Inadvertently stingy provisioning • mostly communication • happens also in international settings

  20. Threats toEnd to End Performance • Fiber problems • Switches • Inadvertently stingy provisioning • Wrong Routing • asymmetric • best use of Internet2 • distance

  21. Threats toEnd to End Performance • Fiber problems • Switches • Inadvertently stingy provisioning • Wrong Routing • Host issues • NIC • OS / TCP stack • CPU

  22. Perverse Result • 'Users' think the network is congested or that the Internet2 infrastructure cannot help them • 'Planners' think the network is underutilized, no further investment needed, or that users don't need high performance networks

  23. Promising Approaches • Work with key motivated users • 'Shining a flashlight' on the problem • Measurements • Divide-and-Conquer • Understanding Application Behavior • Getting it right the first time

  24. Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative • Very recently hired / deployed staff • Cheryl Munn-Fremon, initiative director • Russ Hobby, chief technical architect • George Brett, chief information architect • $1.5M budgeted by Internet2

  25. Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative • Distributed measurement infrastructure • Enable rapid effective understanding of why an instance of end-to-end performance is limited • Make the work of PERF participants rewarding • Enable initiation of tests by PERF participants • Teams of performance analysis specialists (PERF) • Dissemination of best practices

  26. Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative • Distributed measurement infrastructure • Teams of performance analysis specialists (PERF) • members at campuses, gigaPoPs, backbones • socially and technically coordinated • committed to effecting radical change • Dissemination of best practices

  27. Internet2 End-to-End Performance Initiative • Distributed measurement infrastructure • Teams of performance analysis specialists (PERF) • Dissemination of best practices • Identify key techniques, tools, and 'best practices' • Make them common • Work toward widespread / routine excellent user experiences • Improve the reputation / status of network engineers

  28. Anticipated Partners • NLANR: DAST, MOAT, and NCNE • Web100 Project • Abilene partners • Leading campuses and gigaPoPs • Internet2 corporate members

  29. Access to Key Resources • Optical telescopes in Hawaii • CRAFT Project • PACI Supercomputer Facilities • CERN

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