Medical Terminology

1. Medical Terminology Dr Atef Masad PhD Biomedicine United Kingdom

2. Goal of Course • Communication between medical specialists and supporting staff requires knowledge of a consistent and reproducible vocabulary. • It is important for students to realize that accurate spelling, pronunciation, and usage of medical terms is of extreme importance in the care of a patient. Dr Atef Masad

3. Textbook: 1- An Introduction to Medical Terminology for Health Care BY Andrew R. Mutton THIRD EDITION. 2- Medical terminology for health professions • Sixth Edition BY ANN EHRLICH and CAROL L. SCHROEDER Dr Atef Masad

4. Course Objectives • At the end of the course, students will be able to: • Identify and describe the major organ systems of the body. • Describe the major diseases and disorders affecting each body system. • Define word roots, combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes of medical terms. Dr Atef Masad

5. Define new and unfamiliar words by analyzing the elements of medical terminology. • Master pronunciation and spelling of common medical words. • Evaluate and interpret medical records and other forms of medical communication. Dr Atef Masad

6. Course Grading Policies: • Midterm exam 30% • Quizzes 10% • Semester project 10% • Final Examination 50% 100% Dr Atef Masad

7. Written exams will consist of multiple choice, true-false, and essay questions. A portion of the each exam will be dictated vocabulary where you will be required to furnish the correct spelling and/or definition of a word. Dr Atef Masad

8. Quizzes will consist of multiple choice and dictation questions. Quizzes will consist of questions taken from the previous week’s material. • The final examination will be a cumulative exam featuring questions from the entire semester and semester projects. Dr Atef Masad

9. Semester Project: • One of the objectives of the course is to ascertain knowledge of diseases and disorders which affect the major body systems. • The semester project will give the student an opportunity to study and learn about a particular disease state. • The semester project will link the vocabulary you learn throughout the semester to real-life medicine. Dr Atef Masad

10. Components of the Project: • A written paper describing the disease state. This paper should be no longer than 3 pages, typewritten, size 12 font. • The written paper should include a bibliography in the standard format. Dr Atef Masad

11. An oral presentation • You will give a 10-15 minute presentation to the class about your selected disease/topic. • You should stress how the disease presents, how it is diagnosed, what system and organs are affected, how it is treated, and a discussion about how the disease relates to this course. • The presentation may be a poster board or PowerPoint type. Dr Atef Masad

12. Your presentation should include a one-page original handout about the disease. You should prepare this handout for each member of the class. The final exam will include questions taken from these handouts and presentations. Dr Atef Masad

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14. Four Parts • Word Root – the word part that is the core of the word • Suffix – a word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning • Prefix – a word part attached to the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning • Combining Vowel – a word part, usually an “O” Dr Atef Masad

15. Word Root • The word root is the word part that is the core of the word • The word root usually refers to a body part. • Some root words are derived from the Latin or Greek language. • – player = play / er • – arthritis = arthr / itis • – hepatitis = hepat / itis Dr Atef Masad

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17. Word Root Examples • “dent” means tooth • “dermat” means skin • “cardi” means heart • “gastr” means stomach • “pancreat” means pancreas Dr Atef Masad

18. Suffix • The suffix is a word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning • – player = play / er • – hepatic = hepat / ic • – hepatitis = hepat / itis Dr Atef Masad

19. Suffixes • A suffix is a word element placed at the end of a word or word root that changes the meaning of the word. • In the terms tonsill/itis, and tonsill/ectomy, the suffixes are • -itis (inflammation) • and -ectomy (excision, removal). • Changing the suffix changes the meaning of the word. • Inmedical terminology, a suffix usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech. • Many suffixes are derived from Greek or Latin words Dr Atef Masad

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21. Suffixes Denoting Incisions • -centesis puncture arthrocentesis • -ectomy excision, removal appendectomy • -stomy forming an opening (mouth)colostomy • -tome instrument to cut osteotome • -tomy incision, cut into phlebotomy Dr Atef Masad

22. Suffixes Denoting Reconstructive Surgeries • -desis binding, fixation (of a bone, joint) arthrodesis • -pexy suspension, fixation (of an organ)mastopexy • -rrhaphy suturemyorrhaphy • -plasty surgical repairrhinoplasty Dr Atef Masad

23. Suffixes Denoting Refractururing, Loosening, or Crushing • -clasis break, fractureosteoclasis • -lysis separation, destruction, looseningenterolysis • -tripsy crushinglithotripsy Dr Atef Masad

24. Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related Suffixes • -algia paincephalalgia • -dynia paingastrodynia • -cele hernia, swellinghepatocele • -ectasis dilation, expansionbronchiectasis Dr Atef Masad

25. -emesis vomitinghyperemesis • -emia blood conditionleukemia • -gen or -genesis forming, producing, origincarcinogen or osteogenesis • -gram record, a writingcardiogram • -graph instrumentcardiograph Dr Atef Masad

26. -iasis abnormal conditioncholelithiasis • -itis inflammationgastritis • -lith stone, calculuscholelith • -logist specialist in the study ofdermatologist • -logy study ofpsychology Dr Atef Masad

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28. -malacia softeningosteomalacia • -megaly enlargementhepatomegaly • -meter instrument for recordingthermometer • -metry act of measuringpelvimetry • -oid resemblinglipoid Dr Atef Masad

29. -oma tumoradenoma • -osis abnormal condition, increasedermatosis • -para to bear (also a prefix)multipara • -paresis partial paralysishemaparesis • -pathy diseaseneuropathy Dr Atef Masad

30. -penia decrease, deficiencyleukopenia • -phagia eating, swallowingdysphagia • -phasia speechaphasia • -philia attraction tohemophilia • -phobia fearclaustrophobia Dr Atef Masad

31. -plasia formation, growthhyperplasia • -plegia paralysis, strokehemiplegia • -poiesis formation, productionhemopoiesis • -ptosis prolapsehysteroptosis • -rrhage or -rrhagia bursting forthhemorrhage or menorrhagia Dr Atef Masad

32. -rrhea discharge, flowdiarrhea • -rrhexis ruptureangiorrhexis • -scope instrument to viewgastroscope • -scopy visual examinationgastroscopy • -spasm involuntary contractionblepharospasm Dr Atef Masad

33. -stasis standing stillhemostasis • -stenosis narrowing, stricturearteriostenosis • -toxic poisonthyrotoxic • -trophy development, nourishmentatrophy Dr Atef Masad

34. Prefixes • A prefix is a word element attached to the beginning of a word or word root. • Adding or changing a prefix changes the meaning of the word. • The prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, or direction. • Many of the same prefixes found in medical terminology are also found in the English language Dr Atef Masad

35. Examples • – replay = re / play • – subhepatic = sub / hepat / ic • – intravenous = intra / ven / ous (within, vein, relating to Dr Atef Masad

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37. Hypoinsulinemia Hypo / insulin / emia Notice that there is no combining vowel in this word because the prefix ends with a vowel and the suffix begins with a vowel. Prefix suffix Word root BLOOD LOW INSULIN Dr Atef Masad

38. Prefixes of Position • Ante- antepartum, antecubital • pre- preoperative • pro- prootic • epi epidermis, epidural, epinephrine Dr Atef Masad

39. Prefixes of Position • hypo- hypodermic, hypoallergenic • infra- infrapubic • sub- subcutaneous, submarine • inter- intercostal, internet • medi- medial, median • meso- mesoderm Dr Atef Masad

40. Prefixes of Position • post- postnatal • retro- retroperitoneal Dr Atef Masad

41. Prefixes of Number and Measurement • Bi- bilateral • dipl- diplopia • diplo diplococci • hemi- hemiplegia • semi- semicircular • hyper- hyperglycemia • macro- large Dr Atef Masad

42. Prefixes of Number and Measurement • Micro- microscope • mono- mononuclear • uni- unilateral • multi- multipara Dr Atef Masad

43. Prefixes of Number and Measurement • Poly- polyphobia, polymer • primi- primigravida • quadri- quadriplegia • tri- triceps Dr Atef Masad

44. Prefixes of Negation • A- asymptomatic • an- anesthesia • im- impotency • in- insane, insensitive Dr Atef Masad

45. Prefixes of Direction • Ab- abnormal • ad- adduction, addition • circum- circumoral, circumference • peri- periosteitis, perimeter • ec- ectopia • ex- excise Dr Atef Masad

46. Prefixes of Direction • Dia- diarrhea • trans- transfusion • ecto- ectoderm • exo- exotropia • extra- extraocular • endo- endocardium • intra- intradermal Dr Atef Masad

47. Prefixes of Direction • Para- paranasal • super- supersensitive • supra- suprarenal • anti- antibacterial • contra- contraception • brady- slow • dys- dyspepsia Dr Atef Masad

48. Prefixes of Direction • Eu- eupnea • hetero- different • homo- homosexual • mal- malnutrition • pan- panhysterectomy, panacea • pseudo- pseudoplegia • syn- synarthrosis, synthesis • tachy- tachypnea Dr Atef Masad

49. Combining Vowel • The combining vowel is a word part, usually an • “o” and is used: • – between word roots • – between a word root & a suffix to ease pronunciation • – thermometer = therm / o / meter • – arthropathy = arthr / o / pathy Dr Atef Masad

50. Oste / o / arthr / it is • – The combining vowel is used to ease pronunciation; • therefore, not all medical terms have combining vowels. Dr Atef Masad