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Explore educational theorists and theories that shape teaching and learning processes, from Piaget to behaviorism and social cognitive theory. Enhance your knowledge on learning and motivation theories. Learners engage with theories through videos, activities, and quizzes. Understand the principles and implications in education.
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What is a Theory? • Theories are used for building a better understanding of the teaching and learning process. • Theory = guess or hunch • Scientific Theory=interrelated set of concepts that are used to explain a body of data and to make predictions about the results of future experiments.
What is a Theory • Fact or Fiction? • Principles will give you help • Theories will give you options
Theory 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3GJycgu-cs
Theory 2 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5IJXsUBdl0g
Stage Theorists • Jean Piaget 1896-1980 • Famous For: described 4 different stages of cognitive development • Implication on education: claims one cannot master one level before completing the previous.
Stage Theorists • Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 • Famous For: 5-stages of psychosexual development • Implication on education: believes if one stage is not mastered growth will stop.
Stage Theorists • Erik Erikson 1902 -1994 • Famous For: Developed Psychosocial Theory, stages where individuals are faced with choices and must resolve the crisis to successfully move on to the next. • Implications for Education: explanation for individuals success and failures throughout life.
Learning & Motivation Theories • Behaviorism • Information Processing • Social Cognitive Theory
Learning and Motivation Theories Behaviorism: • Focuses on things that can be observed, classified into a general category. • Influenced by 2 environmental factors: • Those that precede it (antecedents) and those that follow it (consequences). • A-B-C Model: Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence • Important Concepts • Conditioning, reinforcement, punishment and cueing. • Who is involved: • B.F. Skinner • Implications for Education: • learn through our actions and consequences, operant conditioning
Operant Conditioning • http://youtu.be/qy_mIEnnlF4
Learning & Motivation Theories Information Processing • Theories that focus on attention, types of memory, how knowledge is represented and stored, forgetting, and the cognitive systems. • Important Concepts: • Attention, perception, working memory, long-term memory, and types of knowledge. • Who is involved: • Jean Piaget • Implications for Education: • Identifies our ability to store and recall knowledge.
Learning & Motivation Theories Social Cognitive Theory • Combines behavioral concerns with consequences and cognitive interests in thinking. • Important Concepts: • Interactions among behavior, environment, and personal characteristics; beliefs about personal capabilities; learning through observation and modes; and guiding your own learning through self-regulation. • Who is Involved: • Albert Bandura • Implications for Education: • Addresses our motivations for specific behaviors, why we make certain decisions
Behaviorism: Classical Conditioning • Association of automatic responses with new stimuli. • Little Albert: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE • Recreate a scenario with your group to demonstrate how classical conditioning works.
Behaviorism: Operant Conditioning • Learning in which voluntary behavior is strengthened or weakened by antecedents (before) or consequences (after). • Pavlovs Dog: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OLdb9Vh10E • Recreate a scenario with your group to demonstrate how operant conditioning works.
Information Processing: Sensory Memory • Sensory Memory: system that holds sensory information very briefly. • Draw the picture from the previous slide.
Information Processing: Working Memory • The information that you are focusing on at a given moment. • Each student needs to stand up and state their name. Once everyone is finished record them in the order they were said.
Social Cognitive Theory: Self-Efficacy • A person’s sense of being able to deal effectively with a particular task. Beliefs about personal competence in a particular situation. • On your note paper, identify one thing you feel you do very well and one thing you feel you are not able to do from experience.
Social Cognitive Theory: Self-Regulation • Process of activating and sustaining thoughts, behaviors, and emotions in order to reach goals. • Record your answers to the questions on the next page.
Self-Regulation Quiz • Think about the class you are taking right now. On a 7-point scale – from 1 = not at all true of me, to 7 = very true of me – answer the following questions. • When I study for a test, I try to put together the information from class and from the book. • When I do homework, I try to remember what the teacher said in class so I can answer the questions correctly. • I know I will be able to learn the material for this class. • I expect to do well in this class. • I ask myself questions to make sure I know the material I have been studying. • Even when study materials are dull and uninteresting, I keep working until I finish.
