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Ming Dynasty (China)

Ming Dynasty (China). I will identify and describe the major effects of the influence of the Ming Dynasty on world trade. Imperial City (and Forbidden City). Ming Dynasty. Ming Dynasty 1368-1644.

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Ming Dynasty (China)

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  1. Ming Dynasty (China) I will identify and describe the major effects of the influence of the Ming Dynasty on world trade.

  2. Imperial City(and Forbidden City)

  3. Ming Dynasty

  4. Ming Dynasty1368-1644 • Key idea: After a brief age of exploration, China decided to stop the voyages and turn inward for four centuries, away from foreign trade and toward agriculture. • But the trade continues illegally, and China grows economically The Ming Empire kicks out the Mongols.

  5. Zheng He • series of naval voyages (7) into the Indian Ocean (1405 – 1433) • sailed as far west as the eastern coast of Africa • returned with items unknown to the Chinese giraffes for the imperial zoo • led to enormous profits  alarmed traditionalist Confucian peoples who were against trading activities • Once the emperor passed away the travels stopped abruptly. Why? (Read)

  6. Columbus • 3 ships • 180 men • Zheng He • 255 ships

  7. Go to pg 486

  8. Population during the Ming • Census: • 1393 - 85 million • 1650 -310 million points to steady unprecedented growth during the dynasty Since it takes more $$$ to support more people, China’s economy must be growing.

  9. The Commercial Revolution in Ming China • the market economy became more extensive – expanding market networks, freely flowing money, a large merchant class • all these factors point to a prosperous economy with a larger commercial, nonagricultural sector than had existed in earlier periods

  10. Ming’s involvement in Global Trade

  11. Dependence on Silver • “Don’t give me silver that is low in purity.Give me some good silver.”

  12. Why Silver? • Collapse of paper money at the beginning of the Ming forced China back to a metal currency. • Copper was sparse, so they depend on unminted silver as the main medium of exchange • Gold was always viewed as an inferior metal to silver • The Chinese valued silver more than gold so, silver tended to flow into China while gold flowed out

  13. Need for Silver • Ming China was the world’s largest economy • Desperately needed silver to expand. • Potential profits from the silver trade so great that Chinese merchants ignored the government’s ban on trade with foreign nations

  14. Silver from European Traders • The Spanish discovered huge reserves of silver in Peru • Spanish galleons carried the silver from the New World to Spain’s colony in the Philippines, at Manila, • In Manila, Chinese merchants traded Chinese goods (tea, porcelain, and high-quality silks) • The Chinese merchants insisted on payment in silver

  15. How did China experience a commercial Revolution?(read handout)

  16. The Arrival of the West • China enjoyed prosperity and growth during the Ming dynasty. • In comparison to earlier periods, the empire’s economic expansion was unprecedented. • But by 1600, China was no longer the world’s leader; Europe, so long in China’s shadow, had begun to outpace her. [OE, 407]

  17. Fall of the Ming • Weak rulers, government corruption, high taxes, and harsh weather (crop yield declines) • Epidemic led to a peasant revolt in the capital city • Black market trade left Government poor so it fired their postal workers who joined the rebellion • the emperor committed suicide • taken over by Manchurians

  18. Ottoman Empire I will identify and describe the major effects of the rise of the Ottoman Empire.

  19. Ottoman Turks1299 - 1919 • “Turks” - from Turkey • Seljuk Turks gave Leader Osman land in return for helping defend against Mongols • This group became the Ottoman Turks • They will gradually take over Asia minor and the Balkans • 1453 – they conquer Constantinople • Eventually renamed Istanbul • END of the Byzantine Empire

  20. Ottoman Empire by 1683

  21. Ottoman Questions • What areas of Europe did Suleiman the Magnificent attack? • The Balkans • Stopped at Vienna, Austria • What religion were the Ottoman Turks? • Muslim (Sunni) • Ulema –Religious advisers ran the legal and education systems • Most Europeans paid a tax to remain Christian • What are janissaries? • Elite fighters, made up of Christians converts

  22. What are Sultans?

  23. Suleyman (ruled 1520-1566) • Turned Jihad into wars of conquest • Doubled the size of the empire • Absolute monarch • Paid for stuff instead of just taking it • Executed his 2 best sons and best friend for treason to avoid civil war • “I know of no state happier than this one.” • Venetian Ambassador • Eventually left the empire to his son Selim the Drunkard – oops!

  24. The last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Mehmed V (1919) Led the Empire in WW1 On the losing side.

  25. Art – Tile Rugs and Mosques

  26. Ottoman Mosques • Hagiasophia turned into a mosque

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