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KINGDOM ANIMALIA

Learn about the characteristics, symmetry types, and body plans of animals, including sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, annelids, arthropods, and echinoderms.

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KINGDOM ANIMALIA

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  1. KINGDOM ANIMALIA

  2. WHAT IS AN ANIMAL • Multicellular • Heterotrophic • Eukaryotic • Reproduce sexually and asexually • Lack cell walls

  3. SYMMETRY • Asymmetry-no body plan(sponges) • Radial Symmetry-radiate from center (jelly fish) • Bilateral Symmetry-identical halves when cut from head to tail.

  4. Directional Terms • Superior (towards the head) • Inferior (towards the feet) • Dorsal (towards the back) • Ventral (towards the front) • Lateral (away from center line) • Medial (toward center line)

  5. BODY PLAN • coelom - body cavity to house organs. An evolutionary advantage • acoelomate - no body cavity present • Pseudocoelomate – partial body cavity

  6. Introduction to Animals Germ (tissue) Layers • Endoderm • inner layer of cells • Ectoderm • outer layer of cells • Mesoderm • layer of cells between the endoderm and ectoderm

  7. PHYLUM PORIFERA • Sponges • lack true tissues • Sessile (doesn’t move) • FEEDING: water is drawn in through pores into a central cavity and out of opening called OSCULUM

  8. No germ/tissue layers • Hermaphrodites (egg and sperm) sexual reproduction results when sperm are drawn to other sponge • Capable of extensive regeneration • NO tissues and NO coordination between parts

  9. PHYLUM CNIDARIA • Hydra, sea jelly (jellyfish), corals • 2 germ layers (Ecto/Endo)* • simplest form of muscles and nerves* • radial symmetry* *denotes evolutionary advancement

  10. Body is a sac with a central gastrovascular cavity and 1 opening (mouth and anus) • Carnivores: use nematocysts (tentacles) to capture prey • Can occur as POLYP (sessile) or MEDUSA (free swimming) • Reproduce by spawning

  11. PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES • Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms • Bilateral symmetry* • 3 tissue layers* ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm • more complex organ systems and true muscles*

  12. only 1 opening Reproduction: • sexually - exchange sperm through internal fertilization • asexually - regeneration • Hermaphrodites • Cephalization

  13. PHYLUM NEMATODA • roundworms • Most numerous of all animals • complete digestive tract; 2 OPENINGS* • Reproduction is usually sexual w/ separate males and females • Fertilization is internal • Pseudocoelom*

  14. Guinea Worm

  15. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA • Snails, oysters, octopus • coelom* • BODY: 3 main parts FOOT (movement) VISCERAL MASS (internal organs) MANTLE (shell)

  16. Separate sexes with ovaries and testes in visceral mass -- reproduce sexually

  17. Do not write: Giant gastropod egg capsules, Argentina. Adelomelon brasiliana is a large species of sea snail gastropod.

  18. CLASSES of Mollusks • Class Gastropoda - snails, slugs • single shell • Class Bivalvia - oysters, clams • suspension feeders • two shells • Class Cephlapoda - octopus, squid • built for speed -- carnivores, • reduced shell (beak)

  19. Sponges, Cnidarian, Mollusks

  20. PHYLUM ANNELIDA • Segmented worms: earthworm, leech • all have segments* • Coelom (body cavity) - houses, cushions and protects organs* • Digestive system has specialized regions;Pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard and intestines

  21. Closed circulatory system; blood* • “brainlike” cerebral ganglia • Hermaphroditic but cross fertilize (exchange sperm and store it in clitellium)

  22. PHYLUM Arthropoda

  23. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA • Most successful group of animals ever to live • segmentation, hard skeleton and jointed appendages led to great success.

  24. Appendages are modified for walking, feeding, flying, sensory reception, copulation and defense • Body covered with cuticle (exoskeleton) made of chitin; provides protection • Grow by molting • Separate sexes: males and females

  25. Well developed sensory organs including eyes, olfactory receptors (scent), antennae (touch).* • Cephalization is extensive (well defined head)

  26. CLASS ARACHNIDA • spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions • 2 body parts (cephalothorax and abdomen) • anterior appendages are modified as pincers or fangs (chelicerae)

  27. Myriapods CLASS DIPLOPODA (millipedes) • 2 pair of legs per segment • Saprophytes 9eat decaying matter CLASS CHILOPODA (centipedes) • 1 pair of legs per segment • carnivorous, poisonous (must be ingested or absorbed, venom is injected)

  28. Class Insecta • out number all other life forms combined • complex NS • 3 body regions (head, thorax and abdomen) • specialized mouthparts (mandibles for eating) • 3 pairs of legs • Pollination

  29. CLASS CRUSTACEA • Lobsters, crawfish, shrimp, crab • Most are aquatic • Head and thorax fused into 1 cephalothorax

  30. `

  31. Crash Course (annelida and Arthropods)

  32. PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA • Sea stars, sea urchins • bilateral symmetry, 1 opening • plates with spines embedded in soft body tissues.

  33. External fertilization; separate males and females • simple nervous and sensory system; no excretory system • Gill-like structures • a sea star is a predator; it spits its stomach from its mouth and digests its food and brings the stomach back in.

  34. Echinoderms: The Ultimate Animal

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