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Unit 13 Political Revolutions: America, France, and Latin America

Explore political revolutions in America, France, and Latin America. Learn about the American Revolution, the French Revolution with its ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity, and the rise and fall of Napoleon. Witness the impact on Europe, nationalism, and the Congress of Vienna's restoration of the old order.

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Unit 13 Political Revolutions: America, France, and Latin America

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  1. Unit 13 Political Revolutions: America, France, and Latin America

  2. The American Revolution (1775-1783) • When American colonists fought for their independence from Great Britain

  3. Origins of the American Revolution • Colonists were influenced by…. Religious freedom Legacy of the Glorious Revolution Enlightenment philosophers (John Locke)

  4. Origins of the American Revolution • Colonists objected to the British government’s imposing new taxes with out their consent, “taxation without representation”

  5. American Revolution • Declaration of Independence-written by Thomas Jefferson, applied Enlightenment ideas • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_56cZGRMx4

  6. American Revolution • U.S. Constitution—established a strong central government with separated powers and a system of checks and balances (Montesquieu)

  7. Impact of American Revolution • Success of American Revolution is going to encourage the outbreak of other revolutions • French Revolution • Independence movement in Latin America • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB2N9Iqpbbk&feature=related

  8. The French Revolution (1789-1799) “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”

  9. Causes of the French Revolution • Inequality among Estates (social classes) 1st estate (clergy) 2nd estate (nobles) 3rd estate (bourgeoisie, peasants) • Severe financial crisis American Rev, Population growth, Bad harvests • Spread of enlightenment ideas questioned traditions and privileges

  10. Main Events of the French Revolution • Louis XVI summoned the Estates General (clergy, nobles, commoners) to vote on new taxes for the nobles • Third Estate declared itself a National Assembly

  11. Main Events of the French Revolution Citizens storm the Bastille (feared monarchy retaliation) National Assembly: -issues the Declaration of the Rights of Man -abolished hereditary privileges -created Constitutional Monarchy

  12. Main Events of the French Revolution • King Louis XVI refused to cooperate • Convention overthrows and executes Louis XVI in 1793

  13. The Revolution Takes a Radical Turn • France at war with most of Europe • Introduced mass conscription

  14. The Revolution Takes a Radical Turn • Robespierre launched revolutionary Reign of Terror against all dissenters • Radical leaders are later executed • The Revolution “devoured its own children”…

  15. Impact of French Revolution • Challenged the idea of divine right and noble privilege in Europe • Removed feudal restrictions from French Economy • Bourgeoisie has political power not king and nobles (Democratic Govt and social equality) • American and French Rev serves as models for citizens wanting political change • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt0yqo

  16. The Age of Napoleon “ Is it because they are lucky that they become great? No, but by being great, they have been able to master luck.” Napoleon Bonaparte

  17. The Rise of Napoleon • General during French Revolution • Seizes power in 1799 • Declares himself emperor

  18. The Rise of Napoleon • Napoleonic Code combined traditional laws with principles of the Revolution —all citizens equal before the law, individuals choose profession, religious toleration, abolish serfdom and feudal system * established efficient bureaucracy based on merit (rise of new French nobility) --Napoleon also consolidated power, limited free speech, and restored slavery PRESERVER OF REV OR TYRANT? * Introduced French Rev ideas to other European countries

  19. The Rise of Napoleon • Conquered most of Europe, but spreads anti-French feelings and nationalism • www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttLXTlcgYV4

  20. The Fall of Napoleon • Attacked Russia but invasion ended in defeat • Army is then defeated by a coalition of European rulers (Wellington at Waterloo)

  21. The Impact of Napoleon • France—law code that promoted social equality, religious toleration, trial by jury • Europe—Introduced ideals of French Rev to rest of Europe (ending serfdom) • World—Growth of Nationalism, weakened Spain (loss of colonies), Louisiana Purchase to US • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOki3qAZe4g&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=4

  22. Restoring the Old Order • Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) -- restored monarchs (legitimacy) --established a “balance of power”, to prevent any country from being dominant

  23. Restoring the Old Order (1815-1848) • European leaders (Metternich) crush revolutions and rising nationalist spirit throughout Europe

  24. Restoring the Old Order (1815-1848) • William Wilberforce—English Reformer --led fight to abolish slavery and slave trade in England --gets slavery abolished in France, Spain, and all whole of British Empire

  25. Latin American Independence

  26. The Independence of Latin America • Enlightenment ideas • Success of American Rev • Outbreak of French Rev --all seek to encourage Latin American leaders to seek independence

  27. The Road to Independence • Free blacks and slaves of Haiti (Touissant L’Ouverture) rebelled --Haiti first Latin American colony to achieve independence

  28. The Road to Independence • When France occupied Spain during Napoleonic Wars, Latin American colonies governed themselves • In 1814, King of Spain tried to impose old restrictions on commerce of Latin America http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWwKSvz0UIs&feature=related

  29. The Road to Independence • Latin American leaders fight Spain and gain independence --Simon Bolivar (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia) --Jose de San Martin (Argentina, Chile)

  30. Study Resources Crash Course World History • American Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlUiSBXQHCw&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=28 • French Revolution http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9 • Latin American Revolutions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBw35Ze3bg8

  31. French Revolution Acrostic --In groups of no more than three you will create an acrostic poem explaining and summarizing the important events and people of the French Revolution Step 1) Write French Revolution vertically and create a poem using each letter as the beginning of a line Step 2) include an explanation or summary of the following information in your poem (Louis XVI, Robespierre, Napoleon, Marie Antoinette, Reign of Terror, National Assembly, Estates-General, Declaration of the Rights of Man, Committee of Public Safety) Step 3) Answer the following question within your poem, Was the French Revolution a success or a failure

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