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Fungi

Pgs 57 - 63. Fungi. Characteristics of Fungi. Fungi are eukaryotic consumers that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. Food for Fungi. Fungi must live on or near their food supply.

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Fungi

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  1. Pgs 57 - 63 Fungi

  2. Characteristics of Fungi • Fungi are eukaryotic consumers that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors.

  3. Food for Fungi • Fungi must live on or near their food supply. • They obtain nutrients by secreting digestive juices onto a food source and then absorb the dissolved substances. • Many are decomposers and some are parasites. • Some Fungi live in symbiosis with plants by releasing an acid that is useful for plants.

  4. Microscopic parts • Some Fungi are multicellular that have chains of cells called hyphae. • Hyphae are fungal filaments similar to plant roots. • Hyphae grow together to form a twisted mass called the mycelium. • The mycelium is the major part of the fungi often hidden underneath the ground.

  5. Reproduction • Fungi reproduce by either asexual or sexual reproduction. • Asexual occurs in two ways: the hyphae break apart to become a new individual or spores are produced. • Sexual reproduction occurs when special structures form to make sex cells that join to make a new fungus

  6. Kinds of Fungi • There are four main groups of fungi. • Threadlike fungi, sac fungi, club fungi and imperfect fungi. • The groups are defined by the shape of the fungi and the way it reproduces.

  7. Threadlike Fungi • Molds, like those found on bread, are shapeless fuzzy fungi. • Typically, they live in soil and are usually decomposers. • They reproduce asexually through spores. • They can reproduce sexually as well. • Two hyphae can join to develop into sporangia that release spores.

  8. Sac Fungi • The largest group of fungi including yeast, powdery mildews, truffles, and morels. • To reproduce, sac fungi form a sac called an ascus. • Spores develop in the sac until they are released. • Most are multicellular but some are single celled like yeast. • Yeast reproduces asexually by budding

  9. Some sac fungi are useful to humans. • Yeasts make bread. • Some make antibiotics and vitamin. • Truffles and morels are prized edible fungi • Some are parasites that cause plant diseases.

  10. Club Fungi • Club fungi are umbrella shaped fungi • During sexual reproduction, hyphae develop basidia where sexual spores develop. • The most common mushrooms are gill mushrooms. • They are edible but sometimes poisonous

  11. Other Club Fungi • Some other club fungi include bracket fungi, puffballs, smuts, and rusts.

  12. Imperfect Fungi • This is a group of fungi that includes those that do not fit into the other groups. • Most are parasites that cause disease. • An example is athlete’s foot. • Aflatoxin is a poison that causes cancer. • Penicillium is a fungi used to make medicine.

  13. Lichens • A lichen is a combination of a fungus and an algae that grow intertwined. • The algae lives inside the fungus. • Lichens are producers. • They can survive most places because they only need air, light and minerals to grow. • They are easily affected by air pollution and can be a measure of air quality.

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