Islam

2. Islam Close ties to Christianity & Judaism: • Believe that both Abraham & Jesus were prophets • Islam is the last religion of the Abrahamic tradition • Muhammad is the last prophet in a long line of prophets Mecca (Arial View)

3. Islam • Where • SW Asia • Mecca, present-day Saudi Arabia. • Medina, Saudi Arabia • When • 613 A.D. Muslims worship at the Kaaba (sacred black stone) in Mecca

4. Islam • Allah, is the Islamic God. • People who believe these ideas are called Muslims.

5. Islam • Important Teachings: • Five Pillars of Islam • Monotheistic • God is called Allah • Holy Book(s): • The Qur’an (Koran) • The Qur’an contains both verses from the Torah & the Bible. • Sharia • a tradition of rulings that touch on virtually all aspects of life and society. Muslims worshiping towards the Kaaba in Mecca. Zoomed out.

6. Islam • Moral Code is derived from Five Pillars: • Faith: There is only one god- Allah. • Prayer: pray five times a day. (Towards Mecca) • Fasting: during month of Ramadan. • Zakah: Giving Alms to the poor. • Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca. Muslims gathering outside Mecca during their Hajj

7. Islamic Philosophy • Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of testing and preparation for the life to come. • Angels record good and bad deeds. • People should behave themselves and help others, trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their reward.

8. Islam’s Holy Book • The Muslim scripture is the Holy Qur'an. It is 'the word of God'. Muslim beliefs and practices are rooted in the Qur'an. • Muslims treat the Qur'an with great respect because they believe that the Qur'an is from Allah, and every word and every letter is sacred. • Muslims regard the Qur'an as the unaltered word of God. • It is read from right to left and written in Arabic, the language of heaven.

9. Islam’s Place of Worship • The Muslim building for communal worship is called a Mosque. The word comes from the Arabic for "place of prostration". • Worshippers are called to prayer 5 times a day from minarets – towers on the mosque corners. • They contain only designs, no people or animals or furniture. • Normal day of worship is Friday. • Religious leaders are called imams. Grand mosque in Mecca

10. Islam’s Most Holy City • While praying, they face the holy city of Mecca (in Saudi-Arabia) and sometimes kneel with faces to the ground. • All Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (trip to a sacred place) to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.

11. Food Laws • Very similar laws to the Jewish kosher foods • No alcohol, pork, blood, no pork fat products, scavenger animals • Food must be prepared similarly to the Jews • Slice to the jugular • Drain blood

12. Main Festivals • Hijja:The month of pilgrimage during which all Muslims, at least once in their life, should try to make the pilgrimage to Mecca and worship at the Kaaba

13. The Kaaba

16. Islamic Sects • Major Groups: • Sunni • largest denomination of Islam; means the tradition of the prophet of Islam - Muhammad • Believe caliphs (priests) were to be chosen by consensus • Shiite or Shi’a • Shi'a Muslims adhere to the teachings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his Ahlul Bayt (family). • Believe caliphs should be descendants from Muhammad’s son in law (Ali) and wife (Fatima)

17. Islam – Map! Islam in 1500 C.E. Islam Today In 1500, located in Middle East, Africa, and Southern Europe Today, located in Middle East, Africa, and Asia