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The Rise of Totalitarianism and the Causes of WW2

The Rise of Totalitarianism and the Causes of WW2. Ms. Campbell Socials 11. The Rise of Totalitarianism. A dictator is a ruler with unrestricted power who has no democratic restrictions. A totalitarian philosophy is one that puts the state above all else

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The Rise of Totalitarianism and the Causes of WW2

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  1. The Rise of Totalitarianism and the Causes of WW2 Ms. Campbell Socials 11

  2. The Rise of Totalitarianism • A dictator is a ruler with unrestricted power who has no democratic restrictions. A totalitarian philosophy is one that puts the state above all else • Thus a Totalitarian State is a dictatorship where the government uses violence, intimidation, and a police force to control all aspects of life

  3. The USSR • In 1924 Joseph Stalin was leader of the Communist Party in the USSR

  4. The USSR • The Five Year Plan was how Stalin planned to develop the economy of the USSR

  5. The USSR • In the late 1930s there was the Great Purge  Stalin eliminated anyone he believed opposed the communist government or his power • Millions convicted of crimes against the state • hundreds of thousands executed

  6. Italy • In Italy Benito Mussolini took control after World War One by establishing the Fascist Party • This party was a totalitarian and nationalistic authoritarian government

  7. Italy • Mussolini created the Blackshirts a gang of fascists who intimidated opponents and attacked Communists in the streets

  8. Italy • The National Fascist Party won 35 seats in the 1921 election • The 1922 March on Rome was when 26,000 Blackshirts demanded the government be turned over to Mussolini • Soon after Il Duce (The Leader) turned Italy into a totalitarian state

  9. The March on Rome

  10. Germany • After World War One a democratic government called the Weimar Republic was established in Germany • People distrusted this government because it had signed the Treaty of Versailles

  11. Germany • In 1920 Adolf Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (the Nazis) and in 1921 he became the leader • The gained support by criticizing the Weimar Republic

  12. Germany • Hitler promised to make Germany a great nation again • In 1932 the Nazis became the largest party in the Reichstag

  13. Germany • In 1933 Hitler became chancellor of Germany and called himself the Fuhrer (The Leader) • He rules through intimidation and fear

  14. Germany • A secret police called the Gestapo are formed

  15. Germany • Hitler defied the terms of the Treaty of Versailles • stops reparation payments • begins to rebuild the German military

  16. Germany • The Nazi Party believed Germans were a “master race” of Aryans • The master race” did NOT include Jewish people, Roma, or Slavs; people with mental or physical disabilities; Communists; and homosexuals • As early as 1933 the Nazis created concentration camps to isolate these people from the larger German society

  17. Germany • Hitler particularly hated Jewish people • The Nuremberg Laws forced Jewish people to wear the Star of David at all times, banned marriage between Jews and Aryans, and restricted employment for Jews • Violence against Jewish people was also encouraged

  18. Germany • November 9, 1938: Kristallnacht • Nazi mobs attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues • Sidewalks everywhere were covered with broken glass

  19. Kristallnacht

  20. Kristallnacht

  21. Spain • Fascist rebels led by General Franco (called Nationalists) tried to overthrow the Socialist government that had been elected in 1936

  22. Spain • The Spanish Civil War would last three years Guernica - Picasso

  23. Spain • More than 1200 Canadian volunteers fought even though the government passed a law that made it illegal for them to fight in foreign wars • Franco won the war and became ruler in 1939 and was in power until 1975

  24. Japan • Japanese totalitarianism was influenced by European Fascism Japanese Emperor Hirohito r. 1926-1989

  25. Causes of WW2 • Hitler wanted lebensraum – or “living space” • Hitler slowly took over areas that had been banned by the Treaty of Versailles (p. 124 map) • 1) Rhineland (1936) • 2) Anschluss with Austria (1938) • 3) The Sudetenland (1938) • 4) Czechoslovakia (1939)

  26. Causes of WW2

  27. Causes of WW2 • Britain and France used a policy of appeasement essentially giving Hitler whatever he wanted

  28. Causes of WW2 • In 1939 Hitler and Stalin signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact • They promised not to attack each other • They decided to divide Poland between them

  29. Causes of WW2 • On September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland • Britain and France responded immediately and by September 3, 1939 Europe was at war again

  30. Causes of WW2

  31. Causes of WW2 • 1931 Japan invaded and the Chinese government appealed to the League of Nations but they took no action other than condemning Japan’s  by 1937 Japan and China were at war

  32. Causes of WW2 • The League of Nations imposed sanctions but did not include oil!

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