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Rise of Totalitarianism

The movement away from democratic governments . Rise of Totalitarianism. Totalitarian Governments. A totalitarian government restricts individual rights and makes everyone subordinate to the government These governments use fear and oppression to stay in power

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Rise of Totalitarianism

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  1. The movement away from democratic governments Rise of Totalitarianism

  2. Totalitarian Governments • A totalitarian government restricts individual rights and makes everyone subordinate to the government • These governments use fear and oppression to stay in power • By the end of the 1930s there were a number of totalitarian states in Europe and in Japan

  3. Fascist Governments • Italy and Germany were fascist states • Fascism is a form of totalitarianism that emphasizes national and racial superiority • In the Soviet Union (known called Russia) the form was communism that established an absolute, oppressive, single-party government

  4. Communist Soviet Union • Government took control of banks, mines and oil companies • They discouraged religion • Used the media as a propaganda tool

  5. Josef Stalin • Josef Stalin, leader of the Communist Party • Ruthless dictator whose government executed, imprisoned, deported and starved millions of Soviet citizens

  6. Fascist Italy • The fascist government in Italy controlled every aspect of Italian life • The economy was improved and many Italians supported the government • The leader of the government committed violent acts against communists, socialists and members of other political parties

  7. Benito Mussolini • Benito Mussolini was elected to power in the 1920s • Once in power his party used intimidation and violence to rig elections • Also wanted to improve Italy’s international influence and invaded Ethiopia • Ethiopian emperor, HaileSelassie appealed for help, but was ignored • Canada refused to help because it did not want to be drawn into another war • In 1936, Mussolini and Hitler united and introduced anti-Semitic laws in Italy

  8. Fascist Spain • In 1936, a brutal civil war was fought by opposing sides trying to seize power of the government: Nationalists against the Republicans • More than a million people were killed • Nationalists were led by Francisco Franco and supported by Hitler and Mussolini • Republicans were supported by the Soviet Union and Mexico • By 1939, Republicans surrendered and Franco controlled the country completely

  9. Francisco Franco • Franco installed a ruthless, totalitarian regime • Critics were silenced through censorship and violence that included torture, long prison sentences, forced labour and concentrationcamps

  10. Map of Europe in 1939-1945

  11. Totalitarianist Japan • In the 1930s, Japan was governed by the military and strong military actions • Japan needed natural resources for their economy that came from investing in Manchuria, China • China’s own nationalism was on the rise in 1930s • Japan was threatened by this and felt China would limit Japan’s access to Manchuria and decided to invade China and occupy Manchuria • China’s plea to international community for help were mostly ignored • Japan saw the international community’s lack of involvement as a go ahead to further occupy China

  12. Japanese invasion of China

  13. The Rape of Nanking • Japan invaded Shanghai in 1937 and ordered intense bombings of civilian targets causing millions of casualties • Between 1937 and 1938 the largest atrocity to civilians occurred in the city of Nanjing where 300,000 people were killed in the most brutal and horrifying ways

  14. Fascist Germany • Germany was struggling economically after WWI due to the payback of reparations and hyperinflation • The Deutschmark (German currency) was reduced to nearly zero (very little value) and prices rose more than 100 times • Poverty was widespread • Adolf Hitler became the leader to fix Germany’s political and economic problems and became the leader of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi Party) • Hitler said that supporters of democracy were traitors, that Aryans were the Master race, that Jews, Roma, communists, homosexuals and people with disabilities were inferior and undesirable • Hitler became chancellor in Germany in 1933

  15. Adolf Hitler • Hitler took over Germany by suspending the constitution, abolishing all political parties except the Nazis, created a secret police (Gestapo) • He built concentration camps and anyone could be arrested and held without charge or trial • He began to rebuild Germany’s army which was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles • He invaded and occupied neighbouring countries such as Austria • Other leaders did nothing to stop Hitler because they did not want to go to war again • Leaders followed policy of appeasement that believed that Hitler would stop once he got what he wanted

  16. Hitler’s Campaign Against Jews • In 1935, Hitler outlawed marriage between Jews and Aryans • Made it illegal for Jews to practice law and medicine or to perform music • On the night of November 9, 1938, Jewish communities throughout Germany were attacked in what was known as Kristallnacht (night of broken glass) • Homes, shops, synagogues were burned, Jews were arrested and murdered • After this, Jews were barred from owning their own businesses, their children could not attend school, many thousands were sent to concentration camps

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