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Third Republic of France

Third Republic of France. 1871-1914. After the fall of Napoleon III and the end of the Franco- Prussian War…. A republican government is elected- The Third Republic Workers had defended Paris for weeks against German troops– they had been starved into submission

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Third Republic of France

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  1. Third Republic of France 1871-1914

  2. After the fall of Napoleon III and the end of the Franco- Prussian War… • A republican government is elected- The Third Republic • Workers had defended Paris for weeks against German troops– they had been starved into submission • Parisians felt betrayed by the surrender of the rest of France after their sacrifice

  3. The Paris Commune- 1871 • National elections were won by monarchists, basically with widespread support from the outside of Paris • Traumatized Parisians erupted into battle declaring the Paris Commune. Radical Commune leaders wanted to govern Paris without interference from monarchists and the French countryside.

  4. Formation of 3rd Republic • Thiers, who led the National Assembly, brutally crushed the Paris Commune. • Out of this tragedy, France forms the 3rd Republic. • Monarchists failed to form a coalition for a king and NA turned moderate gov’t with a socially conservative agenda

  5. Gambetta- Pres. 1877-1879 • Most famous • Strong republican base established for 10 years after fall of Napoleon III • 3rd Republic known for positive legal changes in late 19th century

  6. Changes included: • Trade unions legalized • Acquired colonial empire in Africa • Under Jules Ferry president- free compulsory elementary education for both boys and girls • Tax supported schools expanded- encouraged nationalism

  7. Strained relationship between 3rd Republic and RCC • Pledge of Allegiance and National anthem replace catechism and Ave Maria- marking end of support of Catholic control of education • RCC not a friend to republicanism • Final break between church and state would occur over Dreyfus Affair

  8. Dreyfus Affair 1898-1899 • Extreme anti-Semitism • Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish Military captain, was falsely accused of treason and convicted • Republicans fought to overturn the wrongful conviction, while the army, monarchists, and most Catholics supported the manufactured evidence.

  9. Dreyfus Affair con’t • J’accuseby Emile Zola 1898 – discredits the Dreyfus evidence • Dreyfus acquitted and returned from Devil’s Island off the coast of South America • Dreyfus Affair split French society and ill feeling towards the RCC revived

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