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Third French Republic

Third French Republic. After the fall of Napoleon III. I. National Assembly: 1871-75. Created with Adolphe Thiers as chief executive Paris Commune (1870-1871) lay siege to Paris Refused authority of Assembly Assembly and Commune fought Thousands died and 20,000 were executed

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Third French Republic

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  1. Third French Republic After the fall of Napoleon III

  2. I. National Assembly: 1871-75 • Created with Adolphe Thiers as chief executive • Paris Commune (1870-1871) lay siege to Paris • Refused authority of Assembly • Assembly and Commune fought • Thousands died and 20,000 were executed • Commune defeated

  3. II. 3rd French Republic: 1875 • Bourgeoisie dominate Post Commune war Assembly • Chamber of Deputies created • Republic • Elected by universal male suffrage • Weak president • Senate indirectly elected • Leon Gambetta led republicans

  4. Chamber of Deputies • Legalized Trade Unions • Secular educational reforms (led by Jules Ferry) included public schools and compulsory primary schooling

  5. III. Ups and Downs of the 3rd Republic • Multi-party system resulted in ever-shifting coalitions • Conservatives, Socialists, Capitalists, etc • Action Francaise was conservative movement led by Charles Maurras • Advocated authoritarian gov’t

  6. Boulanger Crisis: 1887-89 • Georges Boulanger gained support of military • Plotted over-throw of Republican gov’t • Boulanger summoned to trial, but he fled and committed suicide • As a result, people’s opinion favored Republic, not conservative

  7. Panama Scandal: 1892 • Ferdinand de Lesseps failed in attempt to build Panama canal • Cost French taxpayers millions • Public opinion turned against the Republic (now saw it as corrupt) • Republic lost support gained in the Boulanger Crisis

  8. Dreyfus Affair: 1894 • Most serious threat to Republic • Dreyfus (a Jew) accused by the French Military of supplying secrets to the Germans • Royalists (conservatives) and Catholics used the situation to discredit the Republic • Emile Zola (realist author) took up the Dreyfus case

  9. Zola proved that the Military falsely accused Dreyfus • Republic’s military now discredited • Leftists (supporting the Republic) closed the case in 1906 • Dreyfus declared innocent • Returned to military ranks

  10. Republicans gain support • Anti-clerical campaign launched (1905) • Increased separation of church and state • Socialists led by Jean Juares gained seats in Chamber of Deputies • By 1914, Third Republic was supported by most French people

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