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Power Quality Standards in China. PQSynergy 2010, by Yan&Terry. China. A huge “manufactory” of the world Huge losses due to power quality problems each year. Who is/are responsible?. Question. How many PQ standards are there in China?. Current Chinese PQ standards(1).
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Power Quality Standards in China PQSynergy 2010, by Yan&Terry
China • A huge “manufactory” of the world • Huge losses due to power quality problems each year. • Who is/are responsible?
Question • How many PQ standards are there in China?
Current Chinese PQ standards(1) • Voltage regulations -GB/T 12325-2003 • Frequency-GB/T 15945-1995 • Unbalance-GB/T 15543-1995 • Harmonics-GB/T 14549-1993 • Flickers (Pst & Plt) -GB 12326-2000 • Wrote by utilities.
Current Chinese PQ standards(2) • Temporary and transient overvoltages -GB/T 18481-2001 • Criticized by utilities– Strict supervision to utilities; many limits in the standard. • Difficult to carry out the measurement. • Never used—”waste money” • Reasonalbe? – limits, measurement costs, impacts…
Current Chinese PQ standards(3) • Measurement and assessment of Power quality characteristics of Wind turbine generator system -GB/T 20320-2006 • No supervision from government. No penalty, waste money. Problems when wind farms connect with power grids. --(same problems for government investment for smart grid)
Current Chinese PQ standards(4) • General requirements for monitoring equipments of power quality • Wrote by utilities and domestic PQ instrument vendors (sponsor), dominated by domestic PQ instrument vendors. • Low level requirement for specifications
Chinese PQ Standards • Neutral and fair? • Effective – play roles? • Easy to carry out?
Revised Chinese PQ standards • Voltage regulations -GB/T 12325-2003 • Frequency-GB/T 15945-1995 • Unbalance-GB/T 15543-1995 • Harmonics-GB/T 14549-1993 • Flickers (Pst & Plt) -GB 12326-2000
New Chinese PQ standards • Inter-harmonics • Wrote by utility members and to protect utilities.
PQ standards – from the viewpoint of utility • Protect utilities from facility’ impact to utility’s equipment • Arc furnace (Ion & steel plants) • Forging equipment
PQ standards – from the viewpoint of facility • Provide good power supply to meet the need.
PQ standards– from the viewpoints of others • Government • Consulting companies • PQ equipment manufacturers
Standards for other products and supervision • Water • Drinking water • Neutral water • Neutral Gas • Cars • Shoes
Supervision • Supervision to facilities • Supervision to utilities • Third party organization? • Penalty? – contract of Detroit Utility and car manufacturers.
Attentions to power quality • Utilities—depending on management. • Some utilities spend little money on power quality. • Protect system equipment from damage. • No penalty allowed. • Shut off power supply • Facilities– depending on demand. • Complain • Solution equipment.
Problems of the PQ standards • Currently considered for overall aspects. • Effective to economy? • Consideration of customer’s demands?—too general?
Last year’s discussion by Terry • Classify customers according to PQ demands • Detail PQ standards--Different standard limits for different classifications of customers. • Different rates for different PQ supply levels.
IEC PQ standards • Influence to Chinese PQ standards.