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Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E.

Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E. Objectives. Analyze the significance of festivals & sports in ancient Greece Identify Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle Summarize Alexander’s conquests and their impact on future cultures. Greek geography. M ountainous C ommunities independently

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Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E.

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  1. Ancient Greece500-323 B.C.E.

  2. Objectives • Analyze the significance of festivals & sports in ancient Greece • Identify Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle • Summarize Alexander’s conquests and their impact on future cultures

  3. Greek geography • Mountainous • Communities independently • What does this mean for the people? • Diverse • Fought

  4. Technology results from necessity • Cities located on many seas - developed navy for? • Trading • Security

  5. Technology results from scarcity • Need fresh water. • How do you get it? • Aqueduct • Terracing

  6. TERMS TO LEARN • POLIS:city-state • Importance • Center of Greek life • The good of the polis was the center of G life • ACROPOLIS: high fortified area of Athens & site of the Parthenon (temple to the gods) • AGORA:marketplace, center of the city's civic life.

  7. Mo Terms – YO! • ARISTOCRATS:Member of ruling class or nobility • OLIGARCHY:A gov’t.: all power is given to a few persons; gov’t. by the few. • CONSTITUTION:basic principles which a nation or state is governed. • MERCENARIES:a professional soldier hired to serve in a foreign army. • Totalitarian:centralized govt.: doesn’t tolerate parties of differing opinion & has dictator control over aspects of life.

  8. Greek Inventions • Dice. • The crane. • Original Olympiads • BBC - Schools - Ancient Greece Olympics

  9. Greek Architecture • Invented arches & columns. • Took advanced mathematics.

  10. Greek Military • Catapult • Throw 300 pound stones • Hoplite: Infantry soldier. • Middle-class freemen: paid for own weapon & shield. • Phalanx: Soldiers in a tight box. • They each have a large shield and a 9 foot long spear.

  11. Religion =polytheistic. What is the location of this picture? Name some Greek gods.

  12. Citizenship • Born outside Greece = ????? • Citizens could: • Vote • Fight in Army • Hold office • Speak for themselves in court

  13. ATHENS • Solon(statesman & lawmaker) set up 1st Athenian Constitution • Citizenship was offered to everyone • Citizen at 18yrs. • 508bc 1st democratic gov’t. setup

  14. Athenian Democracy • Direct democracy: where the people do not elect representatives to vote on their behalf, but vote on legislation and executive bills in their own right. • Cleisthenes: a noble Athenian. • Credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing. • For these accomplishments, historians refer to him as "the father of Athenian democracy."

  15. Political: Athens was the first democracy. • Democracy: • government where people vote. • Athens: direct democracy • where people vote on everything. • The U.S.: representative democracy • we vote for people to make decisions for us.

  16. Direct participation was the key to Athenian democracy. • In the Assembly, every male citizen was: • Able to attend • Debate • Offer amendments • Vote for war or peace • All male citizens were allowed to participate in gov’t decisions.

  17. Athenians • Tough, but engage in activities like: • art • philosophy • music

  18. Political terms • All of Greece not a democracy. • Most of Greece was a monarchy: • king / queen. • King Minos of Crete

  19. Sparta • Sparta isolated from Athens • Why? • How? • culturally & politically • Sparta oligarchy: • Ruled by a few • They had 2 kings

  20. Sparta - greatest military power in Greece • Obsessed with war. • Only goal: Military Strength • Boys military school at young age. • In army from 7-60 yrs. • Boys: born deformed left to die on mountainside • Sparta Helots (slaves) farmed • At the height of its power (400 BC) the Greek city of Sparta had 500,000 slaves and only 25,000 citizens.

  21. SPA Scholars- to know is power • Pericles prominent & influential statesman & orator in Athens. Promoted the arts & lit. • Socrates was a Greek philosopher. Socrates - Encyclopedia channel - Taught by asking questions

  22. Plato & Aristotle • Plato • Founder of the Academy • the 1st institution of higher learning. • Helped lay the foundations of natural philosophy & science. • Plato - Encyclopedia channel • Aristotle • student of Plato & teacher of Alexander the Great. • Wrote on many subjects, including: • Physics, biology & zoology • Poetry, theater, music • Logic & rhetoric • Politics & gov’t.

  23. People of Greece • Homer legendary epic poet author: • The Iliad: recounted the final year of the Trojan War. • Tells of the battle of Achilles vs. King Agamemnon. • The Odyssey: centers on hero Odysseus & his long journey home following the fall of Troy.

  24. A quarrel b/w goddesses Athena, Hera & Aphrodite, after Eris, gave them a golden apple. Zeus sent goddesses to Paris - judged Aphrodite as "fairest“ = received apple. In exchange, Aphrodite made Helen "the face that launched a thousand ships,” the most beautiful of all women and wife of Menelaus, fall in love w/Paris, who took her to Troy. Against the city of Troy b/c Paris of Troy stole Helen from her husband Menelaus, the king of Sparta. Many heroes died and the city fell to the ruse of the Trojan Horse. The war is 1 of the most important events in Greek mythology. The Trojan War

  25. Persian War!!! • Battle of Thermopylae • 300 Spartans & 7000 other Greeks (who retreated) leaving only 300 Spartans-led by King Leonidas of Sparta, resisted a much larger Persian forces, but were ultimately defeated. • Persians broke Spartan phalanx after a Greek called Ephialtes betrayed his country; told the Persians of another pass around the mountains. • After Thermopylae, Athens was captured and the Athenians and Spartans were driven back to their last line of defense • 490bc the word “Nike” (goddess of victory) 1st used upon defeat of the Persians

  26. Delian League • Athenian alliance • After Persian Wars: military organization directed to defend the Greeks against enemies, but used by Pericles to make an Athenian empire. • The Spartans launched the Peloponnesian War to force the Athenians to give up the Delian League.

  27. DECLINE OF THE CITY-STATES • Post Peloponnesian War, Greeks lost sense of community. Only wanted to make $$$$ • Sparta ruled all of Greece now • City-States were weakened • Greece finally conquered by Phillip II of Macedonia. • Phillip unifies all of Greece for the 1st time.

  28. To be a great leader is to know when to follow • Philip II of Macedon • Wanted to Unite all of Greece • Father of Alexander the Great. • Alexander the Great, was an Ancient Greek king of Macedon.

  29. Alexander the Great • From Macedonia. • Territory north of Greece • Which means he is not actually what? • Favorite book: • Homer’s Iliad • Why would Alex like the Iliad? • Brilliant military strategist.

  30. Alexander conquered: - Persian/Egyptian/Sumerian/Indian empire.Controlled largest empire the world has ever seen.Alexander spread culture: Hellenism(fancy word for Greek)

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