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Chowan River TMDL Development Blackwater Area 09/07/04

Chowan River TMDL Development Blackwater Area 09/07/04. Impaired Waters in the Blackwater River Drainage. Rattlesnake Creek Swamp – Fecal Coliform Mill Swamp – Fecal Coliform Cypress Swamp – Fecal Coliform Spring Branch – General Standard (Benthic). Historical data analysis

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Chowan River TMDL Development Blackwater Area 09/07/04

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  1. Chowan River TMDL Development Blackwater Area 09/07/04

  2. Impaired Waters in the Blackwater River Drainage • Rattlesnake Creek Swamp – Fecal Coliform • Mill Swamp – Fecal Coliform • Cypress Swamp – Fecal Coliform • Spring Branch – General Standard (Benthic)

  3. Historical data analysis Source assessment Physical Source Identification Bacterial source tracking Modeling Allocation TMDL Development

  4. Fecal Coliform Impairments Impaired Stream Segments in the Blackwater River watershed

  5. Water Quality Data Analysis Location of VADEQ water quality monitoring stations used for TMDL assessment in the Blackwater River watershed

  6. Water Quality Data Analysis Fecal Coliform Concentrations

  7. Water Quality Data Analysis Location of BST water quality monitoring stations in the Blackwater River watershed

  8. Water Quality Data Analysis E. coli concentrations

  9. Water Quality Data Analysis • Statistical Analysis of Water Quality Measurements versus Precipitation to determine the relationship between rainfall and water quality • Analyzed relationships for seasonal trends • No seasonal trends found

  10. Source Assessment • Identification of Sources • DEQ/DCR/Locality records • VPDES • U.S. Census • Ag Census • Habitat Analysis • Stakeholders, local knowledge – improve estimates • BST • Delivery Mechanisms • Direct • Land-applied • Exported Out of Watershed • Temporal Variation • Migration Patterns/Resident Populations • Import/Export of agricultural/STP waste?

  11. Permitted Discharges

  12. Permitted Discharges

  13. Human (2004)

  14. Sanitary sewer Overflows - reported to DEQ Exfiltration – rate from literature Failing septic systems Rate based on age of house Straight pipes U.S. Census and VDH consultation Human

  15. Pets (2004)

  16. Livestock - 1997

  17. Wildlife Population

  18. Bacterial Source Tracking Location of BST stations in the Blackwater River watershed

  19. Modeling • Hydrologic model • Runoff model • HSPF • Water Quality model • HSPF • Model Calibration and Validation • Based on data availability, period of interest

  20. Modeling

  21. Determination of Critical Conditions: Observed Fecal Coliform Versus Stream Flow Cypress Swamp:VADEQ Station 5ACPP006.04 and USGS Station #02047500

  22. Determination of Critical Conditions: Observed Fecal Coliform Versus Stream Flow , cont. Cypress Swamp:VADEQ Station 5ACPP003.20 and USGS Station #02047500

  23. Determination of Critical Conditions: Observed Fecal Coliform Versus Stream Flow, cont. Rattlesnake Creek Swamp:VADEQ Station 5ARKN006.40 and USGS Station #02047500

  24. Determination of Critical Conditions: Observed Fecal Coliform Versus Stream Flow , cont. Mill Swamp:VADEQ Station 5AMSW006.77 and USGS Station #02047500

  25. Hydrologic Calibration

  26. Hydrologic Calibration

  27. Modeling Source Loads • Source Characterization • Fecal production / densities / distribution • Delivery Mechanisms • Direct • Land-applied • Exported Out of Watershed • Temporal Variation

  28. Load Characteristics

  29. Model Load Characterization • “Direct to Stream” Loads • Point Sources: Design Flow/Fecal Discharge • Overflows: Reported overflow volume • Characterize Volume and Duration • Animal/Human: direct deposition, straight pipes • “Land Applied” Loads • Wildlife, Livestock, Pets • Transported to stream during runoff producing event • Use measured waste characteristics • Compute die-off in between events • Application timing

  30. Wildlife

  31. Livestock Average percentage of collected livestock waste applied throughout year

  32. Livestock Average time dairy milking cows spend in different areas per day

  33. Livestock Average time dry cows and replacement heifers spend in different areas per day

  34. Livestock Average time beef cows not confined in feedlots spend in areas per day

  35. Quantify Current Source Conditions Run model with present-day sources Develop reduction scenarios that will meet water quality standards 100% reduction in straight pipes, 25% reduction in failed septic systems 100% reduction in straight pipes, 50% reduction in livestock direct deposition Allocate loads to each source Allocation

  36. Livestock - 2002 * Must get information regarding import/export of poultry litter in watershed.

  37. Allocation

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