Chowan River TMDL Development and Source Assessment Nottoway River Area October 28, 2004

1. Chowan River TMDL Development and Source Assessment Nottoway River Area October 28, 2004

2. Nottoway River Watershed

3. TMDL Steps – Nottoway • Monitoring/Listing - Identification of Water Quality Problem. • Source Assessment – Locating potential contributors of pollutant in watershed. • Modeling – Examining the movement of sources from the land to the water. • Allocation/TMDL – Use the model to determine the load reductions necessary to achieve water quality goals.

4. Historical Water Quality Data Analysis Fecal Coliform Concentrations *Fecal coliform concentrations (cfu/100 ml)

5. Water Quality Data Analysis E. coli

6. Source Assessment • Livestock • Permitted discharges • Wastewater treatment facilities • Human • Biosolids • Pets • Wildlife

7. Permitted Discharges *Indicates poultry facility with some animals outside watershed boundary ND – no data, facility not required to submit monitoring data

8. Permitted Discharges *Indicates poultry facility with some animals outside watershed boundary ND – no data, facility not required to submit monitoring data

9. Population, housing units, and onsite treatment system based on U.S. Census Human Source • Septic Systems • Failure to soil surface throughout year • Lateral movement continuously to stream • Straight Pipes • Direct continuous input into stream • Biosolids • Land-applied

10. Human Source (2004)

11. Pet Source • Population/household based on literature values, veterinarians, and animal control • Translated to housing units based on U.S. Census • Land-applied

12. Pet Source (2004)

13. Distribution of waste Pastured Confined, waste collected, spread Direct deposition to the stream Seasonal varying applications Livestock Source • Population • Virginia Agricultural Statistics • Consultation with SWCD, NRCS, VADCR, and VCE • Watershed visits

14. Livestock Population * Poultry as reported in this table includes broilers and layers as a single population, however, broilers and layers are modeled as individual sources.

15. Population Animal densities from VDGIF biologists Habitat from literature values Distribution of waste based on habitat Land-applied Direct deposition to the stream Seasonal variations based on migration patterns and food sources Wildlife Source

16. Wildlife Population

17. Bacterial Source Tracking • Antibiotic Resistance Analysis (ARA) • Differentiates the sources of bacteria based on bacterial resistance to antibiotics

18. Bacterial Source Tracking Results BOLDtype indicates a statistically significant value.

19. Bacterial Source Tracking Results BOLDtype indicates a statistically significant value.

20. Bacterial Source Tracking Results BOLDtype indicates a statistically significant value.

21. Bacterial Source Tracking Results BOLDtype indicates a statistically significant value.

22. Modeling • Rainfall-Runoff-Water Quality • Hydrologic Simulation Program – Fortran (HSPF) • Watershed-based • Continuous time interval • Land-applied, direct loads

23. Sewer Overflows Pastured Livestock Lateral Flow from Septic Systems Livestock in Stream Wildlife on the Land VPDES Permit Straight Pipes Septic Failures Biosolids Application Parking Lots Pets Wildlife in Stream Conceptual Model • Mathematical Representation • Overland • Direct discharges • Withdrawal

24. Hydrologic Modeling Components • Climatic data • Land use • Topography • Soils • Stream channel characteristics • Point source discharge/withdrawal • Flow data

25. Land use • Based on Aerial Photos/Land Use maps/On site surveys • Project For Growth/land use change • Model forest, wetland, agricultural and urban areas

26. Water Quality Modeling Components • Sources • Fecal production • FC densities • FC distribution • Delivery Mechanisms • Direct • Land-applied • Temporal Variation

27. Regulatory Voluntary Clean Water Cost Share Improved Water Quality And then: • Public Meeting 2 (Date?) • Public Review • Submit to EPA • State Approval • Implementation Plan Development • Implementation