Johan Bergenäs Deputy Director and Analyst The Managing Across Boundaries program

1. Johan Bergenäs Deputy Director and Analyst The Managing Across Boundaries program The Stimson Center 1111 19th St., NW 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 (202) 478-3443 jbergenas@stimson.org Stimson Center Managing Across Boundaries program Sub-region workshop on the legal and regulatory aspects of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 for members of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States January 11, 2012 Castries, St Lucia

2. Outline • Background of Stimson’s collaboration with Caribbean states and regional organizations • The Caribbean success story • Next steps/opportunities ahead for Caribbean states and dual benefit assistance

3. Disparate Development/Security Priorities Caribbean States Donor Community Counterterrorism 10 years after 9/11, global counterterrorism capacity-building remains a top priority among donor countries; resources committed to this objective are still vast WMD nonproliferation 2002 G8 Global Partnership established to provide $20 billion toward nonproliferation of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons (focus on FSU states) • Transform Caribbean countries economies from being tourist-based to being trade-based • Crime • Trafficking of • Small arms; • Drugs; and • Humans

4. The Beyond Boundaries Initiative How do we bridge the divide between human security and development priorities in the Caribbean (and beyond) and donor countries focus on ”hard security” issues? How do we leverage international security assistance ($1.3 trillion annually) to also benefit development needs?

5. Overlap between “hard” security and human security and development capacity-building Human security and development capacity building • Legal development • Rule of law • Institutional capacity-building • Provision of equipment • Training • Tertiary education • Personnel development • Border controls • Customs enforcement/revenue collection • Global competitiveness/development • Logistics • Infrastructure development • Disease surveillance and response • Reform public finance • Prevent natural resource trafficking • Improve reliability of transport system • Training, logistics for public health providers • Illicit trafficking and crime “Hard security” capacity building • Develop legislative framework • Border controls • Export/transshipment controls • Financial controls • Physical security of materials/equipment • Law enforcement • Legal training • CBRN expertise training/equipment /notification

6. UN Security Council Resolution 1540 as a platform to bridge the security/development divide • Legally binding call to: • Enact legal and enforcement mechanisms to prevent non-state actors from manufacturing, acquiring, and transshipping WMD • Specifically improve: • Port security; • Boarder security; • Strategic trade controls; and • Judicial, financial, and law enforcement systems • Encourages states with capacity to provide assistanceand in turn encourages states in need of implementation assistance to request resources (financial, technical, and human assistance) that will enable them to comply with1540

7. 1540 Dual-Benefit Assistance Resolution 1540 • Assistance with strategic trade controlspromotes efficiencies at transit hubs that in turn facilitate trade expansion, business development and national competitivenesswithin the global supply chain • Assistance provided to enhance border and export controlsto prevent WMD proliferation to non-state actors also inhibits criminal activities • Many of the resources required to limit dual-use nuclear productsfrom being trafficked throughout the Caribbean Basinare also needed to combat drug and small arms smuggling • Preventinghuman traffickingrelies upon many of the same capacities necessary to detect and prevent movement of terrorists or nuclear components and materials to states and terrorist organizations WMD Nonproliferation Securing Ports and Borders, Customs Enforcement, Military/Law Enforcement Personnel Training, Tertiary Education Economic Development and Diversification Counterdrug Efforts, Preventing Small Arms Trafficking, Addressing Youth Gangs and Crime Security Development

8. Caribbean Success Story • Caribbean states went from submitting 0 to submitting 14 reports to the UN 1540 Committee detailing steps taken, steps to be taken, and where assistance is needed • Request for assistance led to the hiring of a full-time CARICOM coordinator for nonproliferation with the role of identifying new streams of assistance for broader security and development capacity-building • Completion of legal gap analysis • Capacity-building workshops and seminars • Donor countries are now being approached to backfill the capacity shortfalls as identified by countries in the Caribbean Basin • Corporations, in cooperation with governments (donor and recipient states), looking for opportunities to invest in port and airport security, border capacity-building in Caribbean countries • Proven that taking steps to implement Resolution 1540 is not a burden, but an opportunity to acquire assistance vis-à-vis higher priority needs • Assistance does not come from over-satiated development accounts, but from international security assistance funds • Success in the Caribbean Basin is considered a powerful precedent for taking steps to bridge the security/development divide globally • Countries in Central America and East Africa are now looking to mirror the Caribbean model

9. Current and future opportunities • New streams of “dual-benefit” assistance • G8 Global Partnership extended for 10 years • Global reach • Special focus on Resolution 1540 (CARICOM’s success story is strong incentive for donor countries to invest additional resources in Caribbean countries) • Continued US and Canadian interest in partnering with Caribbean countries in capacity-building projects • European perspectives • Increased attention for pragmatic models that recognize the nexus between security and development • Stockholm maritime security focus • Private industry • Building models for capacity-building including high technology corporations, donor and partner governments