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East and Southern Africa Flagship Site Selection Mohammed Said and KCP Rao

East and Southern Africa Flagship Site Selection Mohammed Said and KCP Rao. Workshop 21 st – 23 rd October, 2014 ILRI - Addis, Ethiopia. Resilience areas.

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East and Southern Africa Flagship Site Selection Mohammed Said and KCP Rao

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  1. East and Southern Africa FlagshipSite SelectionMohammed Said and KCP Rao Workshop 21st – 23rd October, 2014 ILRI - Addis, Ethiopia

  2. Resilience areas Land pressure, increasing human population, diminishing access to resources, weak policy frameworks, under developed/lack of markets, low livestock productivity Increased vulnerability to shocks such as drought, price increases and conflict Response Develop enabling policies Develop resilience enhancing mechanisms

  3. Intensification areas High population densities, small plot sizes, low soil fertility, labour constraints, heterogeneity of land pressure and farmer preferences Opportunities for intensification of agriculture exist, technologies need to respond to markets, IPs and value chain enhancement are key Agricultural intensification can substantially contribute to reduce household and increase food security

  4. East and Southern Africa Flagship Action Sites

  5. “Intervention” sites selection There is a need to have common areas where ‘integrated’ activities will be undertaken following systems approach Representative areas from where up-scaling will be possible are preferred Existing information (characterization) is coarse to be useful to identify such areas Criteria needed to identify such areas

  6. Basic criteria identified (some to be done in parallel with some activities): also helps to stratify and facilitate targeting resilience and intensification objectives • Land use/cover – as detailed as possible • Climate (temperature [min, max, mean], RF [annual, variability] • Length of growing period • Elevation • Human population density • Livestock density • Crop density • Average farm size • Settlements, towns, market centers • Road network, infrastructure • Water storage areas • Irrigation potential • Soil types, soil health • Rangeland, rangeland health • Poverty index

  7. <700 Fish Crop-livestock farming Crop dominated (maize, groundnut, legume) Crop-livestock farming Participatory mapping and problem analysis Livestock dominated (millet and sorghum)

  8. Crop dominated subsystem. This is a predominant subsystem in the CT area-wise, mostly located on the northern side of the Zambezi River, covering most of the districts that receive rainfall of more than 800 mm.yr-1, with a growing period ranging from 140 to 160 days. Farmers produce maize and cassava as major crops intercropped with beans and other legumes. Other important crops in this system include groundnut and pigeon pea. Fish is an important source of protein in many areas.

  9. Crop-Livestock subsystem. This is predominant in dry, semiarid environments where sorghum and millet are produced accompanied by pigeon pea and potato. Livestock, particularly goats and cattle, are an integral part of this system and serve as means to overcome drought years. Drought is a common phenomenon, with frequent end-of-season droughts. The system has high potential for production of fruits, which could be expanded to wider region. This system includes the semiarid districts of Makanga and Moatize in Tete Province, Katete in the eastern province of Zambia and Mwanza and Chewu districts of Malawi

  10. Livestock-dominated subsystem. This subsystem represents the driest and hottest part of the triangle with rainfall below 300 mm.yr-1 and is characterized by high evapotranspiration. It is predominantly covered by savannah grasses and desert bushes. • Some sorghum and millet are grown, but livestock dominates the livelihood strategy. It is widely practiced in the lower basin of the Zambezi, particularly in the wider Tete Province, including the Changara, and CahoraBassadistricts. Some pockets of Malawi and Zambia also share this subsystem.

  11. Common Action Site in the Chinyanja Triangle Chama CIAT CIP CIP CIAT CIP Lundazi Chadiza Constraints/potential/opportunities ‘mapping’ using ‘guidance maps’ Katete Michinji Chipata Machinga ICRAF Bioversity Dedza Petauke Angonia Ntcheu Chifunde Macanga Maravia Zumbo Chiradzulu Zomba Chiuta Moatize Magoe Mulanje Chikwawa Changara CIAT Tholo Nsanje Tsangano Chora-Bassa ICRISAT Mutarara

  12. Land cover East Africa

  13. CRP1.1 / Dryland Systems focuses on two agro-ecosystems Reducing vulnerability Sustainable intensification

  14. Length of Growing Period 1st Season 2nd Season Data Source: ILRI, Vrieling et al. 2012

  15. 1st Growing Season Start season End season Data Source: ILRI, Vrieling et al. 2012

  16. 2nd Growing Season Start season End season Data Source: ILRI, Vrieling et al. 2012

  17. Mapping exercise Ethiopia

  18. Sites in Ethiopia

  19. Gradient – environmental + livelihood

  20. Gradient – environmental, livelihood + policy CCAFS, ILRI – carbon project, IBLI and governance

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