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The Mongols The Ashikaga Shogunate The Samurai The Europeans. The Mongols. Nomadic Completely cavalry army Known for brutality and destruction Khubilai Khan ruler of Mongolia and China. 1268 letter sent telling Japan to surrender 1274 450 Korean ships sent to Japan to invade
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The Mongols • Nomadic • Completely cavalry army • Known for brutality and destruction • Khubilai Khan ruler of Mongolia and China
1268 letter sent telling Japan to surrender 1274 450 Korean ships sent to Japan to invade Samurai defended Japan, storms forced Mongols to abort 1281 re-invasion Japanese outnumbered, fought for 2 months Kamikaze “divine wind”
Results • Widows, orphans • Loyalty of people decreased
Ashikaga Shogunate • Go-Daigo reassertion of emperor • Ashikaga Takauji as Shogun
The Samurai
Bushido Code: “way of the warrior” • “death weighs no heavier than a feather” • Loyalty • Honour
The Samurai
Ritual Suicide Seppuko/Hara-kiri (“slitting the abdomen) Death in Battle
The Samurai
Kataginu: -Jacket with protruding, stiffened shoulders -Skirt and trousers Jacket had family crest Shaved top of heads Oiled and Tied long hair back
In battle: -Layers of undergarments -Armour of tiny scales of iron overtop
The Samurai
In Battle • Reciting Histories • Arrow Exchange • Horseback • Hand to Hand Combat • Victories: The heads of their enemies
Zen Garden http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utA9yENx-QA
From ancient times the saying comes, “There is no death; there is no life.” Indeed, the skies are cloudless And the river waters clear. -Toshimoto For two and forty years I wavered between life and death. Now hills and rivers overturn The earth and sky return to nothingness. - Minamoto-no-Tomoyuki
Yugen: Sublime restraint, symbolism, mystery behind appearances (Noh Theatre) Wabi: Mysterious quality (Zen paintings) Sabi: Mystery of change and aging (Flower arranging)
Women as Samurai (Tomoe) • Women as weak • Wives confined • -housekeeping • -child rearing • -managing estate • Women as commodities • Marriage
The Europeans Christianity Gun powder and trade Battle of Sekigahara (1600) Tokugawa Ieyasu Unification