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The Mongols

The Mongols. Who were the Mongols?. Nomads who live in Central Asia REMEMBER from Ancient China: The Mongol empire had different clans with a different khans Genghis Khan united all the clans Through the 1200’s, The Mongol Empire even spread to parts of Europe Influenced Asia and Europe.

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The Mongols

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  1. The Mongols

  2. Who were the Mongols? • Nomads who live in Central Asia • REMEMBER from Ancient China: • The Mongol empire had different clans with a different khans • Genghis Khan united all the clans • Through the 1200’s, The Mongol Empire even spread to parts of Europe • Influenced Asia and Europe

  3. The Empire The Mongols extended their empire throughout Europe and Asia from the 13th through the 16th century. This also includes the frequently used trade routes of the Maritime Trade System.

  4. The Mongol Empire • 1260: Kublai Khan became the GREAT Khan of the Empire • Defeated the Song Dynasty and established the Yuan Dynasty (REMEMBER: This was from Ancient China) • When Kublai Khan dies, the empire again splits into 4 region known as the Khanates

  5. The Khanates

  6. Mongol Military Strategies • Very organized armies • Horses were an important part of Mongol culture • Cavalry • Archers were the most common type of soldier • Mongols were expert at sieges • Made catapults • Dammed rivers

  7. Mongol Conquests • 13th century: the Mongols conquered the KievanRus’ (Russia) and ruled them for two centuries • KievanRus’ became isolated from the European civilization • The Mongols invaded Korea • Indian Subcontinent (Kashmir region)

  8. Mongol Rule • FIRST to rule all of China • How did the Chinese feel? • Very resentful • Kublai Khan however did NOT force the Chinese to adopt Mongol Rule • Moved the Mongol capital to China • Rule in China was harsh • Chinese lived under different laws than the Mongols • The Chinese and the Mongols could not interact with one another • Chinese had heavy taxes

  9. Mongol Rule • Attempted to rule peacefully by being tolerant of local customs • Time of peace: PaxMongolica

  10. Trade • United areas of the Silk Road • New technology; trade goods, religion • Marco Polo and his brother traveled to Asia and met Kublai Khan • Khan asked about the legal and political system and the Catholic religion

  11. Mongol Impact • Mongols destroyed and burned all the conquered cities • Introduced fiefdoms: political systems where a local leader rules for an emperor or king • The vassal

  12. Fall of the Empire • Public works projects greatly weakened the economy of the Mongol Empire • Failed conquests of Japan (weakened the empire too) • Floods and increases in taxes stressed the Chinese- rebellions broke out against the Yuan Dynasty • Zhu Yuanzhang led Chinese forces against the Yuan Dynasty and overthrew the Mongol emperor • Mongols fled to Mongolia-END OF THE MONGOL rule in China

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