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Classification of Living Things

Classification of Living Things. Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie. #1 – Most Discoveries … Why?. Areas that are difficult to access Rainforest Deep ocean Only 3% explored. #2 – Classification vs. Taxonomy. Classification Act of grouping organism. Taxonomy Science of classifying organisms.

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Classification of Living Things

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  1. Classification of Living Things Biology 11 Ms. Lowrie

  2. #1 – Most Discoveries … Why? • Areas that are difficult to access • Rainforest • Deep ocean • Only 3% explored

  3. #2 – Classification vs. Taxonomy • Classification • Act of grouping organism • Taxonomy • Science of classifying organisms

  4. #3(a) – Early Taxonomist • Aristotle • 384 – 322 BC • Greek philosopher • Classified organisms based on observations • Sponge:plant or animal?

  5. #3(b) – Aristotle • Arranged organisms based on: • Plant • Grass(small), bush(medium) or tree(big) • Animal: • Earth, water or air • Problems: • Seagull? • Bacteria?

  6. #3(c) – “Scala Naturae” • “Ladder of Nature” • All creatures are arranged in a hierarchy of complexity • Humans at top rung Then Now

  7. #4 – Modern Taxonomy • Carolus Linnaeus • 1707 – 1778 • Swedish botanist • Organisms grouped based on physical characteristics • Hierarchical

  8. #4(c) – Natural Classification • Closer related organisms will have more features in common

  9. #5 – Levels of Taxa • First = Kingdom • General • Last = Species • Specific • Ex: leopard

  10. Taxa Analogy: Where do you live? • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • Continent • Country • Province • County • City • Street • Number

  11. General Specific

  12. How to Remember the 7 Taxa • 7 taxa: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species • King Philip came over for grape soda

  13. #6 – Binomial Nomenclature • Scientific names • Latin • Made of two words: • Genus • species • Underline if written (not typed) • Sugar maple  Acer saccharum

  14. #7 – Latin Advantage • Avoids confusion • When speaking different languages

  15. #7 – Latin Advantage • Avoids confusion • When speaking different languages

  16. #7 – Latin Advantage • Avoids confusion • With multiple common names • What is a …? • Mountain lion • Cougar • Puma • Screaming wildcat • All the same! • Puma concolor • (Felis …)

  17. #7 – Latin Advantage • Avoids confusion • When common names are misleading • Jellyfish is NOT a fish!

  18. Any questions???

  19. Task • Use notes & pages 326 – 331 • Answer: • Practice Questions: # 1 to 5 (pg 331) • #1 select one example in school and one outside • Section Questions: # 1, 2, 5, 6 (pg 334)

  20. Question #5 – Page 334 • Which of the species are most closely related? Explain. • Is the river otter more closely related to the muskrat or weasel? Why? • Is the groundhog more closely related to the chipmunk or ferret? Why? • Which of the species is (are) the closest relative(s) of the squirrel? Explain.

  21. Question #6 – Page 334 • Felisconcolormountain lion (vii) • Sorexarcticusarctic shrew (i) • Canisrufusred wolf (iv) • Mephitis mephitisskunk (iii) • Alopexlagopusarctic fox (vi) • Eutamiasalpinus alpine chipmunk (v) • SciurusarizonensisArizona gray squirrel (viii) • Sylvilagusaquaticusswamp rabbit (ii)

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