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Classification of Living Things. Chapter 18. Why Classify. Biologists have classified and named over 1.5 million species Estimate that 2 million- 100 million have yet to be discovered Classification is used to name organisms and group them in a logical manner . Taxonomy.
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Classification of Living Things Chapter 18
Why Classify • Biologists have classified and named over 1.5 million species • Estimate that 2 million- 100 million have yet to be discovered • Classification is used to name organisms and group them in a logical manner
Taxonomy • A branch of biology where scientists classify organisms and assign each a universally accepted name
Taxonomy • A good classification system puts organisms in groups with other organisms that are similar • With out discussion; draw what comes to mind when you hear the word: cat
Use of common names • Common names vary among languages and even regions in the same country • Mountain lion • Puma • Cougar • Panther
Use of common names • Different species sometimes share a common name • What is a buzzard??? United Kingdom (England)- Hawk United States- Vulture
Removing confusion • To avoid confusion scientists refer to organisms by their scientific name Aegypiusmonachus Buteojamaicensis
Use of common names • Common names can be misleading jellyFISH seaHORSE Sea cucumber
Naming System • Carolus Linnaeus • Developed a two word naming system • Before Linnaeus scientists used detailed physical descriptions • Names were long and confusing • Binomial Nomenclature • Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name
Hierarchical system (consists of levels) • Each level is a taxon
Taxonomic Nomenclature Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Kids Prefer Candy Over Fried Green Spinach
Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata Class- Mammalia Order- Carnivora Family- Felidae Genus- Panthera Species- leo
Binomial Nomenclature Rules to follow • Always written in italics (or underlined) • First word is capitalized • First word is the genus • Second word is lowercased • Second word is the species
Binomial Nomenclature • Genus a group of closely related species Ursus
Binomial Nomenclature • Species a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring UrsusUrsusUrsus arctosmaritimusamericanis