WMO-SMN Supported Research On An Expanded Operational Climate Division Network for Mexico

1. WMO-SMN Supported Research OnAn Expanded Operational Climate Division Network for Mexico Art Douglas and Phil Englehart Creighton University

2. Expanding the 18 Climate Division Grid in Mexico into an Operational 24 Climate Division Grid for NADM • Overview of Mexico’s Historic 18 Climate Division. • Current Status of CLICOM and GASIR data bases to be used for updating and expanding the climate divisional data base in Mexico. • Optimizing the GASIR data base to create Climate Division monthly means in a real time setting. • Formation of 6 New Climate Divisions in Mexico in previously sparse reporting regions.

3. The Original 18 Climate Divisions for Mexico1. Created in 1988 from best quality controlled long term stations.2. First updated in 1996.3. Unpopulated-data sparse areas of northern and southeastern Mexico could not produce time series >30years length in 1988.

4. Division Station Availability1900-2009Expressed as number of station months available and station equivalent number of stations reporting.For Precipitation Only

5. Station Availability within the 18 Divisions1. The 276 stations composing the divisions had their highest reporting levels 1950-1983.2. Die-off post 1984 associated with a. Mexico City 1985 earthquake and data loss with collapse of archive building and mail disruption. b. Economic crisis 1994. c. Transfer of historic long term SMN station grid to CNA operations post 1994 and station closures. d. Transfer of key-entry from federal level to states. c. Normal attrition of stations.

6. STATUS OF PRECIPITATION STATION REPORTINGPoor Key-Entry Efforts Northern States vs. Station Closures Southeast Mexico

7. Original 18 Division Temperature Grid vs.Current CLICOM Digital Data Archives(In 1988 Key Entry Costs Required a Judicious Selection of a Limited Number of Divisional Temperature Stations)

8. Temperature Station LengthsOriginal Divisional Stations vs. New CLICOM Available Divisional Stations

9. Division Station Availability1900-2009Expressed as equivalent number of stations reporting.For Temperature Only

10. Number of Record Breaks Greater than 2 Years for Temperature(Each Dot Equals One Station) Compilation is for Divisional Stations Only per CLICOM Archives

11. Examples of Quality Control on Original CLICOM Data Sets CLICOM has WMO based QC software but bad data is still getting into the archives at the SMN

12. 25015 CULIACAN, SINALOA2000-2002 classic decimal problem – multiply everything by 10. mm vs. cm

13. 3060 SANTA GERTRUDIS BCS1965-1968 too consistently low – delete all 4 years. Not a decimal problem.

14. 28086 SAN FERNANDO, TAMAULIPASDirect Hit from Hurricane 1932 Kept Data.

15. 17006 EL RODEO, MORELOS Suspect data 1988-1992 DELETE 1988-1992 Values too high relative to closest neighboring stations.

16. How do you update CLICOM Divisional data sets (digital archived data base) in an operational setting when the stations have variable end dates 2001-present?

17. The Divisional Station Grid vs. GASIR Operational Data Grid from daily climate reports (available 2001-present) Historic Divisional Stations BLACK Real Time GASIR Stations RED

18. Calculating Divisional Monthly Total Precipitation from GASIR daily operational reports that have periodic missing data.

19. An example of CLICOM vs. GASIR calculated monthly precipitation data for Division 17 using additional substitute short term stations in the GASIR station mix. These short term stations are within the boundaries of the original division.

20. Routine Map Produced to Show Divisional Palmer Drought Indices

21. Long Term Stations In Mexico Meeting 1 of 4 Criteria. • BLACK DOTS = STATIONS IN ORIGINAL 18 CLIMATE DIVISION • NETWORK. • 2) RED X’S ARE STATIONS IN THE 6 NEW CLIMATE DIVISIONS. • 3) BLUE CIRCLES ARE STATIONS WITH AT LEAST 30 YEARS OF RECORD AND 90% DATA RECOVERY WITH CLICOM ENDING YEAR NO EARLIER THAN 2007. THESE MAYBE INCLUDE STATIONS IN THE 24 DIVISION GRID. • 4) BLACK SQUARES ARE STATIONS WITH 55 YEARS OF RECORD WITH AT LEAST 85% DATA RECOVERY REGARDLESS OF END DATE IN CLICOM.

22. Geographic coverage of the 6 new Climate Divisions in Mexico and their spatial relationship with stations in the preexisting 18 Climate Division Grid.

23. A Compatible Mexican-U.S. Climate Division Network

24. Summary and Conclusions • The historic 18 Climate Division Grid in Mexico can be maintained by updates from CLICOM and supplemented by finalized/corrected GASIR data. • Due to frequent missing daily data in GASIR updates of the divisional monthly mean data should be created by calculating daily means for the division and then creating monthly totals (Precipitation) or means (Temperature) from the daily data. This minimizes dry tendencies due to missing rainfall reports. • The 24 Climate Division Grid in Mexico will become operational in 2010 with joint support form NOAA-NCDC and the Mexican Water Commission. A gridded data set (0.5°) will also be produced from the divisional data.