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Global Trends in B ioplastics

Global Trends in B ioplastics. Boris A. Miksic, FNACE® Cortec Corporation / EcoCortec. Overview. Bioplastics –terminology Bioplastics market – trends Disposal Certification Conclusion. “Traditional” plastic. Almost entirely derived from non-renewable, fossil sources

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Global Trends in B ioplastics

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  1. Global TrendsinBioplastics Boris A. Miksic, FNACE® Cortec Corporation/EcoCortec

  2. Overview • Bioplastics –terminology • Bioplastics market – trends • Disposal • Certification • Conclusion

  3. “Traditional” plastic • Almost entirely derived from non-renewable, fossil sources • These are artificial materials and nature does not know how to handle them

  4. Problem … is all around us!

  5. Coast of Dubrovnik/Croatia polluted by plastic materials discarded at sea, 2009 What doesplastic waste pollution look like?

  6. Recycling and energy efficiency - statistics

  7. The term "bioplastics" refers to a biodegradable plastics and/or plastics derived from renewable resources (the definition from European Bioplastics) • Interest in bio-materials has increased significantly due to concerns related to global climate change.

  8. Bioplastic Plastics: 265 M tons (2010) – Plastics Europe Bioplastics: 0.724 M tons biodegradable (non renewable resources) 428 000 t plastics from renewable resources 296 000 t Source/base: renewable or not renewable Material: biodegradable or not biodegradable

  9. Development of bioplasticsthrough history

  10. Renewable sources - non-biodegradable • Historically, plastic was made from renewable resources / there was no petrochemical industry 1869. nitrocellulose – Hyatt billiard balls 1897. galalith –first Zagreb’s gramophone panel manufactured by Penkala • Today : bio-polyethylene

  11. What is biodegradable plastic? • Biodegradation is degradation caused by biological activity, especially activity of the enzymes

  12. Biodegradableplastics Considering the source/base we distinguish: • natural polymers (PHA) • modified natural polymers (viscose, methyl cellulose) • synthetic polymers (PLA,polyesters)

  13. What is compostable plastic? Compostable plastic is one that meets all scientificallyrecognized standards ofcompostabilty regardless of the origin of carbon. Europeannorm is EN 13432, and USA norm is ASTM D6400

  14. ASTM D6400 – Main Factors • 1. Mineralization • 90 percent conversion to carbon dioxide, water and biomass through the action ofmicroorganisms • The same rate of degradation as other organic waste (ie. leaves, grass ...) • Time period of 180 days or less • 2. Fragmentation • Not more than 10% of the original dry weight of test material shall fail to pass through a 2 mm fraction sieve. • 3. The impact on the environment • No negative impact on flora and fauna

  15. Biodegradablevs.compostable? • Compostable plastic is a subset of biodegradable plastic that will decompose in the conditions and time frames during compostingprocess  • Compostableplasticis always biodegradable • Biodegradableplastic is notalwayscompostable

  16. What is bio-based plastic ? • Can be natural polymer or synthetic plastic made from organic macromolecules that are derived from biological resources  • To be classified as a bio-based material it must be of organic origin and contain acertain percentage of new carbon derived from biological resources • This definition is the base of  ASTM D6866

  17. UComparison of plastic and steelmanufacturingthrough history

  18. Bioplastic market

  19. Development of bioplastic market - main drivers • Technical properties and functionality is selling • High consumer acceptance (eco marketing) • Organic recycling is a cost-efficient, new recycling option

  20. Trenutno stanje Bioplastics in Europe ( purpose)

  21. Market share of bioplastics by applicationuse in 2011.

  22. World production capacity of bioplastics by material type in 2011

  23. Production capacities of bioplastics in the world in 2011.and forecast by 2015. 

  24. Production capacities of bioplastics in the worldby 2015.

  25. Trendovi The share of bioplastics in the global plastics market will recordsubstantial growth in the following years (planned annual growth of 44%)

  26. Disposal

  27. Methods of disposal after use ofbioplastics

  28. Ideal closed circle

  29. Renewable raw materials for plastics. • Organic Recycling (Composting) - new option. • CO2 Recycling - for climate protection.

  30. Developing Global Legislation Around Biobased Plastics

  31. Italy - first country in the world that banned the use of polyethylene bags (January 1,2011)

  32. Certification

  33. Proces ofcertification • Variety of different materials • What kind of criteria do we need? • Certification as an instrument of market competition • We have a defined system of certification for biodegradability and compostability of materials.

  34. Certification • Certification - procedure by which a third party gives written assurance that a product, process or service conforms to specified requirements (EN 45020:2006 standardization and related activities) • Well-defined process in which a certification organization confirms the property of a plastic material, intermediate or product. • Biodegradableplastics is not easy to distinguish from non-degradable plastics. • Other ways of labelling are required in order for bioplastics to be used and disposed properly.

  35. What Is Fueling The Growth of Bioplastics? • Petroleum supplies are dwindling while demand for oil-based goods is rising • For every 4 barrels of oil used, only 1 new barrel is discovered. • Petrochemical-based plastics consume about 2.5 billion barrels of oil annually. • Supplies will run short within the next 20 to 100 years.

  36. Governments and consumers are demanding action to reduce dependence on oil. • Increasing concerns over global warming, environmental pollution, toxic affects of some residual monomers and additives are driving legislation and consumer “backlash” against conventional plastics

  37. More about the benefits of bioplastics.. • Reduces dependence on fossil raw materials • The conceptofbiorefinery-regional economy that has a source in bio-mass • Programs of CorporateSocialResposibility(CSR) • In the long run-economic perspective • Conventionalplasticswillrecordhighincreaseinprices (50-80% in 2 years) • Bioplastics-enormouspotential for savings

  38. Not If…But When “It took 125 years to use the first trillion barrels of oil. We’ll use the next trillion in 30 years. So, why should you care?” -Chevron Ad

  39. UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND NAVAL ARCHITECTURE BORIS MIKSIC EFFECT OF EXTRUSION PARAMETERS ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODEGRADABLE FILMS DOCTORAL THESIS Supervisor: Dr. Sc. Mladen Sercer, professor Zagreb, 2012.

  40. Thankyou!

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