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UNIT 6 Chapter 24 – WWII: The Road to War Chapter 25 – WWII: The Americans at War

UNIT 6 Chapter 24 – WWII: The Road to War Chapter 25 – WWII: The Americans at War. WORLD WAR II. Presidents of the United States. #21 - … Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)

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UNIT 6 Chapter 24 – WWII: The Road to War Chapter 25 – WWII: The Americans at War

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  1. UNIT 6Chapter 24 – WWII: The Road to WarChapter 25 – WWII: The Americans at War WORLD WAR II

  2. Presidents of the United States • #21 - … • Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) • Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) • William McKinley; Republican (1896) • Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) • William Howard Taft; Republican (1908) • Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) • Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920) • Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923) • Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928) • Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932) George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

  3. America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 25: World War II: Americans at War (1941–1945) Section 1: Mobilization Section 2: Retaking Europe Section 3: The Holocaust Section 4: The War in the Pacific Section 5: The Social Impact of the War

  4. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes & consequences of World War II and the impact the war had on American society. • Objective 6.4:How did the Roosevelt mobilize troops and prepare the economy for war? • Objective 6.5:Describe the causes and effects of the Holocaust. • Objective 6.6:How did the allies turn the tide of war in retaking Europe and the Pacific? • Objective 6.7:How did the war change social conditions for women and minorities?

  5. Chapter 25 SECTION 2 – RETAKING EUROPE When the economy…

  6. THE ATLANTIC CHARTER WRITE THIS DOWN! • In 1941, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt met in secret to discuss American involvement in the war. • They created a declaration of principles to guide them in the years ahead called the Atlantic Charter. • After the war, this charter would form the basis for the United Nations. • Principles • No enlarging territory • Changes to governments must be approved by the people • People have right to choose their government • Must abandon the use of force in international problems

  7. EARLY PHASES OF WW2 WRITE THIS DOWN! • The United States entered the war in December 1941, a critical time for the Allies. • The North Africa campaign: From 1940 to 1943, the Allies and Axis battled in North Africa, with neither side gaining much of an advantage, until Allied armies finally trapped the Axis forces. • About 240,000 Germans and Italians surrendered. • The invasion of Italy: In 1943, U.S. troops under General George S. Patton invaded the island of Sicily with British forces. • Italians lost faith in Mussolini’s leadership, and he was overthrown. • Italy’s new government surrendered to the Allies and declared war on Germany in October 1943. • The Allied advance was stalled by fierce German resistance, but Germans in northern Italy finally surrendered in April 1945.

  8. War in the Soviet Union WRITE THIS DOWN! • Hitler, in an effort to make Germany self-sufficient, planned to seize the farm lands of the Ukraine. • He broke his pact with Stalin and attacked the Soviet Union. • The German advance (1941–1942): In June 1941, more than 3 million Axis troops crossed the Soviet border & German armies threatened the capital, Moscow • The Battle of Stalingrad (1942–1943): By October 1941, the cold Russian winter put a stop to German advance, which resumed in summer of 1942. • The Red Army made its stand at Stalingrad, a major rail and industrial center • In November, the Soviets took advantage of the harsh winter to launch a counterattack. • The German army was soon surrounded with no supplies and no hope of escape. • On January 31, 1943, more than 90,000 surviving Germans surrendered. • Germany’s seemingly unstoppable offensive was over and this proved to be the turning point of the war in the East.

  9. Germany Invades Russia • Reasons for Invasion • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vO2lnsy5KVE

  10. The Invasion of Western Europe WRITE THIS DOWN! • General George Marshall wanted to invade Western Europe—specifically German forces occupying France. • The invasion to invade Western Europe (France), code-named Operation Overlord, would be launched from Great Britain. • General Eisenhower would be the supreme commander of the invasion forces. • D-Day: On June 6, 1944, the invasion of Western Europe began. (France) • Heavy casualties were suffered, but by late July, nearly 2 million Allied troops were in France. • On August 25, 1944, Paris was liberated from German occupation.

  11. D-Day Invasion, June 6, 1944

  12. THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE • Battle of the Bulge: In December 1944, Germany launched a counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg. • They pushed back the U.S. First Army, forming a bulge in the Allied Line. • The resulting clash came to be known as the Battle of the Bulge. • The Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle in Western Europe during World War II • the largest battle ever fought by the United States Army. • In the end the casualties were staggering on both sides, and most Nazi leaders realized that the war was lost.

  13. THE YALTA CONFERENCE WRITE THIS DOWN! • The Yalta Conference: In February, 1945, Allied leaders meet to discuss the shape of the postwar world. This was months before the fall of Berlin that Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta in the Soviet Union. • The leaders agreed: (1) to split Germany into four zones, each under the control of a major Ally, including France. (2) They planned a similar division of Berlin. (3) Stalin promised to allow free elections in the nations of Eastern Europe that his army had liberated from the Germans. (4) He also promised to enter the war against Japan. Stalin did not fulfill any of these promises.

  14. The War in Europe Ends • In March 1945, American ground forces crossed the Rhine River and moved toward the German capital of Berlin from the west. • Soviet troops continued to fight their way to Berlin from the east. • This fighting resulted in the deaths of some 11 million Soviet and 3 million German soldiers—more than two thirds of the soldiers killed in the entire war. • The Soviets finally reached Berlin in late April 1945. • Hitler committed suicide in Berlin on April 30, 1945, refusing to flee the city. • On May 8, Germany’s remaining troops surrendered. • Americans at home celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day). WRITE THIS DOWN!

  15. THE GREAT DICTATOR • One of the greatest movie speeches – by Charlie Chaplin • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QcvjoWOwnn4

  16. Retaking Europe—Assessment What was the significance of D-Day? (A) It was the beginning of the Allied invasion of Western Europe. (B) The Allies retook Western Europe. (C) The Allies celebrated victory in North Africa. (D) France was liberated. What two important Yalta promises were not fulfilled by Stalin? (A) Economic justice for all Eastern European nations and loans for the war against Japan (B) Protection for private industry in Eastern Europe and free elections in Moscow (C) The reconstruction of East Germany and trade relations with Italy (D) Free elections in Soviet-occupied nations of East Europe and military aid for the war against Japan

  17. Retaking Europe—Assessment What was the significance of D-Day? (A) It was the beginning of the Allied invasion of Western Europe. (B) The Allies retook Western Europe. (C) The Allies celebrated victory in North Africa. (D) France was liberated. What two important Yalta promises were not fulfilled by Stalin? (A) Economic justice for all Eastern European nations and loans for the war against Japan (B) Protection for private industry in Eastern Europe and free elections in Moscow (C) The reconstruction of East Germany and trade relations with Italy (D) Free elections in Soviet-occupied nations of East Europe and military aid for the war against Japan

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