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Pre-Columbian Civilizations In the Americas

Pre-Columbian Civilizations In the Americas. C-7. Early Human Migrations. 1. Geography of the Americas. Sculpture from the Americas. Origins of the Peoples of the Americas?. Were the earliest American civilization Had powerful priests and aristocrats at the top of society

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Pre-Columbian Civilizations In the Americas

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  1. Pre-Columbian Civilizations In the Americas C-7

  2. Early Human Migrations

  3. 1 Geography of the Americas

  4. Sculpture from the Americas Origins of the Peoples of the Americas?

  5. Were the earliest American civilization Had powerful priests and aristocrats at the top of society Built ceremonial centers Spread influence through trade Developed calendar Introduced tradition of priestly leadership and religious devotion Developed complex irrigation methods for farming Built towering pyramid temples in Tikal Traded extensively across Middle America Developed hieroglyphic writing system Developed accurate calendar and numbering system Abandoned cities around A.D. 900 1 The Olmecs and the Mayas MAYAS OLMECS

  6. Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations

  7. The Mayans

  8. Lands of the Mayans The Yucatan Peninsula

  9. Chichen-Itza - Pyramid

  10. Chichen-Itza - Observatory

  11. Chichen-Itza - Ball Court

  12. Mayan Cultivation of Maize Chac, God of Rain 

  13. Mayan Underground Granaries: Chultunes

  14. Overview of Tikal (Guatemala) Temple of the Masks

  15. Tikal Jungle View at Sunset

  16. Tikal - Main Court

  17. Tikal: Temple of the Masks

  18. Tikal - Wall Mask of the Rain God

  19. Mayan Glyphs sky king house child city Mayan Mathematics

  20. Mayan Glyphs

  21. Mayan Drinking Cup for Chocolate

  22. Pakal: The Maya Astronaut

  23. Quetzalcoatl:The God of Wisdom & Learning

  24. The Aztecs

  25. Lands of the Aztecs

  26. 1 Arrival of the Aztecs • Teotihuacan-dominated Valley from 100AD-750AD • In the late 1200s, nomadic ancestors of the Aztecs migrated into the Valley of Mexico. • The Aztecs built the city of Tenochtitlán. • In the 1400s, the Aztecs greatly expanded their territory through conquests and alliances. By 1500, the Aztec empire spread from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean and numbered 30 million people.

  27. Aztec View of Tenochtitlan

  28. Ruins of the City Center, Tenochtitlan

  29. The Codex Mendoza :The FoundingofTenochtitlan

  30. Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the Americas

  31. Aztec Chinampa or Floating Garden:15ft. to 30ft. wide

  32. Tenochtitlan - Chinampas

  33. Aztec Writing Aztec Math

  34. Aztec Sun Stone -- Calendar

  35. Aztec Sun Motifs

  36. Aztec Codex(15c Manuscript)

  37. The Aztecs WereFierce Warriors

  38. Aztecs Sacrifice Neighboring Tribes to the Sun God

  39. Heart Sacrificeon an Aztec Temple Pyramid

  40. Wall of Skulls, Tenochtitlan

  41. Sacrificial Statue, Tenochtitlan

  42. Aztec Gold

  43. 1 Aztec Society GOVERNMENT & SOCIETY RELIGION LEARNING Priests recorded Aztec knowledge and ran schools for sons of nobles. Some priests were astronomers or mathematicians. The empire had a single ruler. Slaves could own and buy freedom. Long-distance traders traveled around the empire and beyond. Priests were a special class. The sun god was the chief Aztec god. Aztecs practiced human sacrifice on a massive scale.

  44. The Incas

  45. Lands of the Incas

  46. 2 The Incan Empire-Cuzco, capital • They ran an efficient government with a chain of command reaching to every village. • They imposed their own language and religion on the people. • They created one of the great road systems in history, allowing armies and news to travel rapidly around the empire. • They posted runners throughout the empire to carry news of revolts and soldiers to quickly crush them. • They prohibited ordinary people from using the roads at all. The Incas built a complex civilization that relied on order and absolute authority.

  47. Cuzco: Ancient Capital of the Inca(11,000 ft. above sea level)

  48. Machu Picchu

  49. Machu Picchu

  50. Incan Suspension Bridges

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