Reading for Results

1. Reading for Results BUILDING WORD POWER Chapter 2 – Part 2 Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes Connotations and Denotations CLICK YOUR MOUSE TO ADVANCE TO NEXT PAGE

2. Learning Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes It’s up to YOU to learn and master the most commonly used roots, prefixes, and suffixes!

3. There are 3 word parts to help us figure out what a word means. • ROOTS • PREFIXES • SUFFIXES

4. Roots give words their fixed meanings EXAMPLE When a disease goes away and comes back over time, it is called chronic. SOME ROOTS chron = time gam = marriage lat = side mob = move pel = force popul = people rect = straight, straighten ROOTS

5. Word parts that appear at the beginningof words and modify the root meaning, as in include and exclude or invoke and revoke. SOME PREFIXES bi = two im = not per = through poly = many PREFIXES

6. Word parts that appear at the end of many words. They are more likely to reveal what part of speech a word is. Words that end in ness are usually nouns. Words that end in ly are usually adverbs. SOME SUFFIXES ism = state, condition, or quality ize = to cause to be, to treat or affect onym = name, word SUFFIXES

7. Suffixes change a word’s form • Part of speech: beauty, beautiful, beautifully • Tense: walk, walks, walked, walking • Number: boy, boys

8. How to Use Word Analysis • FIRST … look for the root. Sometimes a letter or two may be missing: postoperative indefensible immeasurable

9. If you do not recognize the root … … then you probably won’t be able to figure out the word’s meaning. Instead, use context clues or the dictionary.

10. If you DID recognize the root … … for prefixes that change the words meaning. introspective respective retrospective unreasonable antisocial

11. How to read a dictionary pronunciation synonym part of speech definition man·i·fest (măn' ∂-fĕst') adj. Clearly apparent to the sight or understanding: obvious. See Synonyms at apparent.--manifest tr.v.-fest·ed, -fest·ing, -fests. 1. To show or demonstrate plainly; reveal. 2. To be evidence of; prove. 3. To record in a ship's manifest.--manifest n. 1. A list of cargo or passengers carried on a ship or plane. 2. An invoice of goods carried on a truck or train. 3. Business. A list of railroad cars according to owner and location. [Mid-dle East manifeste, < Old French, <L. manufestus, caught in the act, blatant, obvious.] spelling of word forms etymology

12. Dictionary Guide Words • Guide words appear at the top of each page of your dictionary • industrial/inexistence • Would the word “infant” be found on this page? • How about the word “inert”?

13. Connotations and Denotations • Denotative language • Conveys direct, specific meaning, without implication or emotion • Is neutral or objective • Connotative (slanted) language • Evokes a mood or emotional reaction • Can be positive or negative

14. Which word is positive? negative? neutral? • The woman was (happy, silly, laughing). • The crowd was (fanatical, enthusiastic). • The worker was (slow, thorough). • Mike is (honest, blunt, rude). • The model is (skinny, slender, thin). • The movie was (strange, original, creative). • The car was (ancient, old, classic). • Susan is (old, mature, ageless).

15. Words are like bullets … • Fire one into a mattress & you get a predictable reaction … • That’s DENOTATION • Fire one into a crowded auditorium & you can’t be sure what reaction you will get … • That’s CONNOTATION • It’s the added meaning that ignites a word & makes it explode in several directions at once.

16. The End … or The Beginning! Practice these concepts by doing the exercises in Reading for Results!