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Cold War

Cold War. Chapter 18 section2. China. 1945 Northern China under Communist control After WWII --- Nationalists and the Communists ceased cooperation Civil War erupted 1945 – 1949 U.S. played peacemaker Supported Nationalists Chiang Kai-shek (leader) $3 Billion = supplies No soldiers.

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Cold War

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  1. Cold War Chapter 18 section2

  2. China • 1945 • Northern China under Communist control • After WWII --- Nationalists and the Communists ceased cooperation • Civil War erupted • 1945 – 1949 • U.S. played peacemaker • Supported Nationalists • Chiang Kai-shek (leader) • $3 Billion = supplies • No soldiers

  3. Two sides in China • Communists • Mao Zedong (leader) • Peasants support • Read / Write • Improve food production • Flocked to Communists‘ Red Army • Nationalists weak and corrupt • Chiang Kai-Shek fled to Taiwan • Relied on U.S. for aid • Failing economy • May 1949 • Communists ruled all of mainland China

  4. Cont. • China’s New Government • People’s Republic of China • U.S. refused to recognize • Containment failed • Fear of Communism

  5. Korean War • Japan annexed Korea = 1910 • Ruled until August 1945 when war was over. • Korea Splits • 38th Parallel----- North Latitude • North Korea = Soviets = Communist • South Korea = US = Democratic

  6. Korean War • June 25, 1950 • North Korea swept across the 38th Parallel • Korean Warbegins • June 27 • Truman ordered troops stationed in Japan to support South Korea • 16 nations sent 520,000 troops / aid • 90% - American troops • General Douglas MacArthur = commander of all forces

  7. U.S. Fights • North Korea = Unstoppable at first • Driving deep into South Korea • MacArthur launched a surprise counterattack • Surrounded troops • Pushed North Korean troops across line and deep into North Korea

  8. China Fights Back • China’s foreign minister warned • “his country would not stand idly by and let the Americans come to the border” • November 1950 • 300,000 Chinese troops joined the war • Wanted North Korea as a communist buffer state • Main opponents of war changed • China v. U.S.

  9. Cont. • Chinese outnumbered UN forces • 10 to 1 • UN and South Korean troops pushed out of North Korea • Lost control of South Korean Capital • Seoul

  10. MacArthur • 1951 • MacArthur wants to attack China • Nuclear weapons = Chinese cities • Truman rejected idea • Soviet Union = mutual-assistance pact with China • Did not want to start WWIII “Wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy”

  11. MacArthur Verses Truman • MacArthur continued to urge full scale war against China • Tried to go over presidents head • Spoke / wrote privately to newspapers / magazines • Refused warnings to follow orders • April 11, 1951 • Truman fired MacArthur

  12. Stalemate • June 23, 1951 • Soviet Union suggested cease-fire = truce • Reached an agreement • Cease fire line = 38th parallel • demilitarized zone • Spent another year arguing over POW’s • July 1953 • Signed an armistice • Ending the War

  13. Cont. • Agreement = Stalemate • Communism had been contained • No use of atomic weapons • Korea = 2 nations • 54,000 American causalities • Cost = $67 Billion • Increased fear of Communism in United States

  14. The Korean war for Dummies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okQzZhL81tE

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