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Overview of Wine Grape Project at WSU – Mount Vernon. 2000- 2004 G.A. Moulton WSU - Mount Vernon. Program Objectives. Select the right varieties and rootstocks for local conditions Maximize use of cultural practices to enhance quality Evaluate resulting wines from promising varieties.
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Overview of Wine Grape Project at WSU – Mount Vernon 2000- 2004 G.A. Moulton WSU - Mount Vernon
Program Objectives • Select the right varieties and rootstocks for local conditions • Maximize use of cultural practices to enhance quality • Evaluate resulting wines from promising varieties
Progress to date • A number of promising cultivars (both white and red) have been identified • Rootstocks that promote earlier ripening in our soil and climate conditions have been identified • Certain cultural and canopy management practices have been adopted that contribute to improved ripening
Site Selection • Well drained • Southerly or southwest slope • Light (sandy) soils are preferable
Know the heat units at your siteMeasured from April 1 to October 31, base 50 degrees Avatel
Take a good soil sample • 0”-8” top soil • 8”-16” subsoil
Timely application of micronutrients is important • Zn – apply about 2 weeks before and after bloom to promote full berry clusters • B – apply at bloom time (with botrytis spray) for increased fruit set
Varieties & Rootstocks • Try to obtain certified virus free stock wherever possible • Be sure that both rootstock and variety are free of phylloxera
Most Promising Rootstocks • Millardet et de Grasset 101-14 • Couderc 3309 • Millardet et de Grasset 420A
Comparison of harvest results of Pinot Noir on selected rootstocks
Effects of rootstock differences • All rootstocks had lower TA levels than self rooted; table shows those where differences were statistically significant. • All had higher pH than self rooted but differences did not reach 5% level of significance except for 5BB. • All had higher brix readings than self rooted but did not reach 5% level of significant difference. • Cluster weight varied and some differences were significant. The biggest difference was between C3309 and 5C. • Both 101-14 and 420A had lower titratable acid and higher brix than self rooted, though yields were statistically the same.
Agria Dornfelder Dunkelfelder Garanoir Golubok Leon Millot Muscat of Norway Pinot Noir (clones) Regent Zweigelt Promising Red Varieties
Agria Harvest 10/05Brix 18.1 TA 0.87
Muscat of Norway Harvest 10/06Brix 18.5 T.A 0.90
Garanoir Harvest 10/06Brix 17.4 TA 0.96
Harvest 10/09Brix 20.6 TA 0.90 Leon Millot
Regent Harvest 10/13Brix 19.6 TA 0.89
Dunkelfelder Harvest 10/18Brix 20.2 TA 1.10
Golubok Harvest 10/18 Brix 21.7 TA 1.25
Zweigelt Harvest 10/18Brix 18.4 TA 0.98
Dornfelder Harvest 10/23Brix 17.6 TA 0.89
Pinot Noir Harvest 10/27Brix 20.5 TA 1.13
Burmunk Iskorka Madeleine Angevine Optima Ortega Pinot Gris Reichensteiner Schonburger Siegerrebe Sylvaner Promising White Varieties
Burmunk Harvest 10/03 Brix 23.2 TA 0.98
Ortega Harvest 10/03 Brix 20.6 TA 0.91
Iskorka Harvest 10/03Brix 20.2 TA 0.71
Madeleine Angevine Harvest 10/03Brix 19.0 TA 0.82
Schonburger Harvest 10/03Brix 19.5 TA 0.66
Siegerrebe Harvest 10/06Brix 19.5 TA 0.60
Reichensteiner Harvest 10/06Brix 19.6 TA 0.94
Optima Harvest 10/06Brix 18.3 TA 1.01
Pinot Gris Harvest 10/09Brix 19.4 TA 1.04
Sylvaner Harvest 10/13Brix 16.8 TA 0.90
Good cultural practices bring young grape plants into early production
Establish a strong vigorous vine by the end of the first year’s growing season
New Planting Prune new plant to 2 budsIn spring, select strongest new shootTrain & tie to stake, pinching out any side shootsDormant season – bend & tie to wire
Select the strongest shoot to train to the wire and pinch off other side shoots
Tie or tape shoot to stake as it grows and when it reaches the wire
Monitor soil moisture using irrometers • Drought stress aggravates nutrient deficiency, especially potash • Stress shuts down photosynthesis • Severe stress causes leaf drop
Pest Control • Diseases • Insects • Weeds • Vertebrate Pests
Pinot Noir Cultural Studies Cluster thinning Plastic row shield
Pinot Noir 2A1 cluster/shoot vs. 2 clusters/shoot Row spacing at 10 x 6. 1. Yield of vines with 2 clusters/shoot averaged 38% higher than plots with 1 cluster. 2. No significant difference was found between the treatments in measurement of pH, brix, or titratable acid.
Plastic row shield applied in April Advanced bloom by approximately 2 weeks Developed earlier color Advanced fruit maturity