1865-1877

1. CHAPTER 15 In the Wake of War: Consolidating a Triumphant Union 1865-1877 CREATED EQUAL JONES  WOOD  MAY  BORSTELMANN  RUIZ

2. “The Black Hills belong to me. If the whites try to take them, I will fight.” Sitting Bull

3. TIMELINE 1865 Freedman’s Bureau Andrew Johnson, President Thirteenth Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment passed Sherman promises 40 acres and a mule 1866 Ku Klux Klan formed The Mineral Act The Southern Homestead Act The Equal Rights Association The National Labor Union founded 1867 Reconstruction Act passed by Congress

4. TIMELINE 1868 Ulysses S. Grant elected President Custer’s massacre at Washita River Burlingame Treaty 1869 Fifteenth Amendment passed 1871 Ku Klux Klan Act passed by Congress Whitman’s “Democratic Vistas” 1872 The Apex Mining Act Yellowstone Park created

5. TIMELINE 1873 The Timbur Culture Act Nationwide Depression 1875 Civil Rights Act 1876 Presidential Election (Tilden-Hayes) 1877 Desert Land Act 1878 Greenback Labor Party formed

6. IN THE WAKE OF WAR Overview • The Struggle over the South • Claiming Territory for the Union • The Republican Vision and Its Limits

7. THE STRUGGLE OVER THE SOUTH • Wartime Preludes to Postwar Policies • Presidential Reconstruction, 1865–1867 • The Southern Postwar Labor Problem • Building Free Communities • Landscapes and Soundscapes of Freedom • Congressional, or “Radical,” Reconstruction • The Remarkable Career of Blanche K. Bruce

8. Wartime Preludes to Postwar Policies • Rehearsals for Restoration • The Sea Islands of Port Royal Sound, South Carolina • New Orleans, southern Louisiana • Pledges and Oaths • The Ten Percent Plan: New government for states for 10% pledge of allegiance • The Wade-Davis Bill: Required majority to take loyalty vote • The Freedmen’s Bureau

9. Presidential Reconstruction, 1865–1867 • Andrew Johnson’s proclamations • Report on the Condition of the South • Black codes • State laws with vague provisions used to imprison blacks or enforce labor

10. Presidential Reconstruction • The Thirteenth Amendment • The Fourteenth Amendment • Carpetbaggers and scalawags • Ku Klux Klan • November, 1866: Republicans gain majority in both houses

11. The Southern Postwar Labor Problem • The Freedman’s Bureau • Liaison between freed people and southern whites • Free labor system with annual contracts • General Sherman’s Field Order Number 15 • Forty acres and a mule • Sharecroppers

12. Building Free Communities • The new order • Public accommodation laws • Black conventions • The ability to vote, own land, and educate children • Self-help organizations and black churches • Valued family ties

13. Radical Reconstruction

14. Landscapes and Soundscapes of Freedom • The new black communities • Their own churches, black soldiers, fashionably dressed black women • Sounds of black celebrations, “Day of Jubilee” • Reaction of some whites to silence the new communities • Savannah, GA: closed parks • Emerging Ku Klux Klan

15. Congressional Reconstruction: The Radicals’ Plan • Reconstruction Act of 1867, Tenure of Office Act, Command of the Army Act • Denied vote to thousands of former confederates • Confederate states must ratify 14th amendment to be in Union • Guaranteed black men the vote

16. Congressional Reconstruction: The Radicals’ Plan • Union Leagues and black elected officials • Johnson impeachment: 1868 • Grant elected in November, 1868 • The Fifteenth Amendment

17. Radical Reconstruction

18. The Remarkable Career of Blanche K. Bruce • Born in 1841, as a slave taught himself to read, escaped slavery, established first school for blacks, went to college (although unable to afford to continue), voter registrar to U.S. Senator, and wealthy landowner.

19. CLAIMING TERRITORY FOR THE UNION • Federal Military Campaigns Against Western Indians • The Postwar Western Labor Problem • Land Use in an Expanding Nation • Buying Territory for the Union

20. Federal Military Campaigns Against Western Indians • 1871: Federal government seeks to subdue Native Americans • Railroad expansion • The Native American struggle • Geronimo • Custer’s massacre at Washita river • Red Cloud’s peace delegations • Sitting Bull: “The Black Hills belong to me.” • The Little Big Horn

21. Plains Indian Wars, 1865–1900

22. The Postwar Western Labor Problem • 1865: Central Pacific goes east • Central Pacific imports Chinese laborers • 1867: 5000 Chinese laborers strike • 1870: 40,000 Chinese in California and less 70,000 Indians • Agribusiness’ growth in the West

23. Land Use in an Expanding Nation • The Santa Fe Ring • Railroads, minerals, and cattle • The Apex Mining Act of 1872 • The National Parks system • John Muir and Jay Cooke

24. Buying Territory for the Union • America expanding • The Alaska purchase • $7.2 million for 591,004 acres full of fish, timber, minerals, and water power • The failed annexation of the Dominican Republic

25. THE REPUBLICAN VISION AND ITS LIMITS • Postbellum Origins of the Woman Suffrage Movement • Worker’s Organizations • Political Corruption and the Demise of Republican Idealism

26. Postbellum Origins of the Woman Suffrage Movement • 1866: Equal Rights Association • 1869: National Woman Suffrage Association • Stanton, Anthony, Stone, and Truth • 1872: Victoria Woodhull forms Equal Rights Party and runs for President

27. Worker’s Organizations • 1867: National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry • 1866: National Labor Union • 1868: Colored National Labor Union • 1869: Knights of Labor • 1878: Greenback Labor Party

28. Political Corruption and the Decline of Republican Idealism • 1870’s: Tweed and Tammany Hall • 1872: Crédit Mobilier and Congress • 1875: Whiskey Ring • 1876: The Hayes-Tilden compromise

29. The Compromise of 1877