Reconstruction 1865-1877

Reconstruction 1865-1877

After the Civil War in the South: • African American migration from the north to the west • Sharecropping and tenant farming • Jim Crow laws ( Black codes) • Southern govt. had a variety of methods for blacks not to vote • Southerners resented carpetbaggers • SOL 7.1.6

What Should We Do? • How should the U.S. rebuild and reform? • How do we define loyalty? • Who are Lincoln, Lee and Douglass?

Positive and Negative Consequences of Reconstruction • Southern military leaders barred from public office • Military supervision by Northern soldiers • African Americans elected to office • Freedman’s Bureau established • Civil Rights Act of 1866 enforced by federal troops • SOL 7.1.4

The Freedmen’s Bureau THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU The first duty of the Freedman’s Bureau was to provide emergency relief to the people displaced by the Civil War – including both recently liberated slaves and Southern whites. Later, the Freedman’s Bureau would set up schools, and help to resolve disputes between whites and African-Americans in Southern states by establishing its own court system.

Freedman’s Bureau Schoolhouses FREEDMAN’S BUREAU SCHOOLS Most Southern towns did not have public schools prior to the Civil War, and what education was available to children took place at home. Following the Civil War, African-Americans who had gained independence sought what they had always been denied – literacy, scholarship, job training, and college educations.

Abraham Lincoln • Lincoln’s 10% Plan would likely have been more lenient on the South than the Radical Reconstruction to follow. Sadly, he was assassinated in 1865 at the hands of John Wilkes Booth.

Abraham Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan - 1865 LINCOLN’S TEN PERCENT PLAN: * Ten Percent of the voters of a state must swear loyalty to the United States. *The new government of the state must outlaw slavery. *Amnesty, or a group pardon for crimes, for most Confederate soldiers. *No Confederate government leaders or military leaders could hold office.

Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was a former slave who became one of the most outspoken abolitionist speakers in the United States during the Reconstruction period. During the Civil War, he petitioned President Lincoln to allow newly freed slaves to serve in the United States Military. After the war, he led the Freedman’s Bureau and served as the United States ambassador to Haiti.

Summing it up: • How did the actions of people affect events during Reconstruction? • What actions did the government take to extend civil rights to the formerly enslaved? • Why do you think people moved west of the Mississippi after the Civil War?

Abraham Lincoln • U.S. President from1860 until his assassination in 1865 • Wanted to preserve the union • “With malice toward none, and charity for all, let us bind up the nation’s wounds.” • “Freed the slaves” (13th amendment)

Robert. E. Lee • Urged Southerners to reconcile at the end of the war and reunite • Leader of the Confederate Army in the Civil War • Became president of Washington and Lee University

Fredrick Douglass • Fought for adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed VOTING rights • Powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties • A former slave

Civil War Amendments: • 13th- Bans slavery (Lincoln) • 14th- Grants citizenship to those born in America (Except Native Americans) • 15th- Ensures citizens right to vote regardless of race, color or condition of servitude

Compromise of 1877 • Congress had to decide who won (Tilden vs Hayes) • Hayes became president • Northern troops were withdrawn from the south • It was the end of Reconstruction!

Reconstruction 1865-1877